ICO wiki - User contributions [en]

E-SPEAIT papers

2022-04-28T12:56:51Z

Aballe:

Since the Spring term of 2021, SPEAIT papers can be written or uploaded here.

=== Spring 2021 ===

* ... (title, authors, link etc)

* [[The Chinese Social Credit System]] - Bálint Adám, Dominik Kovács, Benedek Matveev, Luca Mizzi, Carlos Rodriguez
* Edvin Ess, Kristiina Šamanina, Mihkel Kiil, Johanna Heinonen link: [[Development and usage of artificial intelligence in chess]]
* Jan Markus Üprus, Andre Tomingas, Mariano D'Angelo link: [[Onions can make people cry]]
* Andrei Boitsov, Dennis Bykov, Elina Kurr, Leonid Vagulin link: [[Neural Network and its applications]]
* Keisuke Konno, Sandro Chkareuli, Kristo Tammsoo, Valentin Kirjan link: [[Capture The Flag 101]]
* Anton Kolisnetšenko, Kirill Kurkin, Nikita Kovaljov, Mark Shafran link: [[Gaming industry in CIS and other world]]
* [[Netstalking]] - Anastassya Pellja, Marion Martin, Elza Anna Budreika, Dachi Mshvidobadze, Maxim Henry Don

=== Spring 2022 ===

* Tashi Kamlaldin Rwalshrangpa, Sanan Mammadli, Adeyimika Agboola Adetunji, Alejandro Ballesteros Perez, Louis Alvin: [[The History And Impact Of YouTube]].
* Vladislav Suprun, Aleksandr Voronkov, Andrei Aleksejev, Ilya Nikolaev: [[5G technology and it's development in Estonia]].
* Farid Azizov, Rashad Baghiyev, Rauf Gozal, Orkhan Hasanzade, Aamos Lokuta: A brief history of malware.
* Artur Lykov, Roman Krutsko, Artyom Davydik, Aleksei Bahmatov, Edvin Toome: [[History of GameDev Industry]]
* Maria Ivanova, Nadine Jungermann, Jáchym Líva, Sofia Bermudez and Immo Fritze: Power of Facebook
* Maria Logberg, Ezel Erguden, Johannes Kodumäe, Lorenzo Cavallini: [[Decentralized Finance: present and future]]
* Andres Naruson, Georgi Tarassov, Pavel Rotov, Dmitri Trubetskoi, Semen Diev: Rise of social media
* Aleksandrs Rimlins, Vladyslava Shekula, Maksim Gorozhanko, Nicoleta Petrea: [[OSINT – theory and practice]]

[[E-SPEAIT | Back to the course page]]

The History And Impact Of YouTube

2022-04-28T11:14:16Z

Aballe: /* Living off Youtube */

==History==

==How Youtube Works==

==Social Impact==

Since the beginning of YouTube, it has been an influence on our society, acquiring a major impact through the passing of the years, reaching today’s mark of more than 800 million unique user visits to the search engine monthly.<ref name="YTstatisticsfacts">''YouTube - Statistics & Facts''. Statista. Available at https://www.statista.com/topics/2019/youtube/#:~:text=As%20of%202021%2C%20there%20was,aged%2035%20and%2044%20years</ref>
One of the greatest contributing factors to this number is the vast amount of diverse content produced on YouTube daily, ranging from educational videos to humoristic entertainment, political campaigns, social movements, music, videogames, health, and much more.
It is important to note that as much as YouTube can have a positive impact on society, it can generate the opposite effect, and harm society in multiple ways, one of them being the spread of false information. Critics state that YouTube’s extreme freedom when publishing videos works as a double-edged sword by allowing the spread of misinformation with little to no consequences.<ref name="YTnegImpact">Stephanie Morse.''YouTube: The Good, The Bad, and the Ugly''. ACPC Psychology. Available at https://www.statista.com/topics/2019/youtube/#:~:text=As%20of%202021%2C%20there%20was,aged%2035%20and%2044%20years</ref>
YouTube’s impact on society can be divided into several sections:

===Communities===
One of the most important aspects of life is socialization, which normally would be with groups with similar interests. These groups with one or more common interests are called Communities. Communities are critical because they are often an important source of social connections and a sense of belonging, and the absence of communities in a person’s life can lead to serious mental health issues.<ref name="TYofficialBlog">Neal Mohan. ''A Look at 2022: Community, Collaboration, and Commerce''. YouTube Official Blog. Available at https://blog.youtube/inside-youtube/innovations-for-2022-at-youtube/</ref>

YouTube nowadays plays a very important role in this aspect. Once again, thanks to the immense variety of content, communities of all types, forms, and sizes have formed. These communities are an important resource for individuals who are part of underrepresented groups and may not have access to or feel comfortable in traditional organizations rooted in inequity. <ref name="YTWomen">Regueira, U., Alonso-Ferreiro, A., & Da-Vila, S. ''Women on youtube: Representation and participation through the web scraping technique. ''. Comunicar: Media Education Research Journal. Available at https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1249381</ref>

The effect these communities have is one of auto-development in which thanks to the publishing of content, the community grows and grows in a steady manner, allowing to attract new members as well to keep the veterans.
Benefits of communities include a support network, professional development, sense of purpose, new inspiration and ideas, and greater resilience among many others.

===Education===
YouTube videos have had a major role in students learning abilities, becoming the best and most popular source of educational video content. It is constantly used by institutions, teachers, and students to upload videos with academic material, as well as homework and any other video and sound resource.<ref name="YTSchange">Jelissa Burns . ''How YouTube is changing education.''The Advance-Titan. Available at https://advancetitan.com/news/2020/12/09/how-youtube-is-changing-education</ref> Most educational institutes and organizations also record their lessons and lectures as videos and upload them to YouTube. This has completely changed the way of teaching as well as studying.<ref name="YTEentertainment">Karen Hua.'' Education as Entertainment: YouTube Sensations Teaching The Future.'' Forbes. Available at https://www.forbes.com/sites/karenhua/2015/06/23/education-as-entertainment-youtube-sensations-teaching-the-future/</ref> Previously it was extremely important to take notes in a classroom, but now that doesn’t matter because one student can repeat the lecture as many times as he/she wants.

[[File:khan_academy_logo.jpg|150px|thumb|KHAN Academy Logo <ref>''KHAN ACADEMY''. Available at https://tgstat.com/channel/@khan_academy_maths Accessed 28-04-2022</ref>]]

====Khan Academy and YouTube====
Khan Academy has a well-established presence as one of the most popular non-profit education schools. It is well established among different social media, but it has a major impact on YouTube, having more than 7.12 million subscribers (February 2022). The channel has playlists of Maths, Chemistry, Biology, Arts and Humanities, Science &Engineering, Computing, Economics & finance. All these playlists are constantly used in schools all around the world to teach a variety of subjects. <ref name="KhanAcademy">KHAN Academy Impact. KHAN Academy. Available at https://www.khanacademy.org/about/impact#</ref>
Another important mention concerning the impact of Youtube and Khan Academy is a study that shows that “Use of Khan Academy was positively associated with better than predicted test scores, lower math anxiety, and higher confidence in one’s ability to do the math.” <ref name="KhanAcademyStatistics">''Khan Academy YouTube Channel Statistics.'' Vidooly. Available at https://www.khanacademy.org/about/impact#</ref>

====Independent Educational Youtubers====
Education is not only available through Organizations or schools themselves, but there is a great variety of individuals whose channels are dedicated to education.

[https://www.3blue1brown.com 3blue1brown], by Grant Sanderson, is a channel dedicated to math problems, linear algebra, neural networks, calculus, quantum mechanics, etc. 3blue1brown videos use a special animation engine created by him which further increases the quality of his videos and help his channel become one of the best educational sources in Youtube according to diverse surveys.<ref name="BestYTC">Educatorstechnology. ''Best Math YouTube channels.'' Educational Technology and Mobile Learning. https://www.educatorstechnology.com/2012/10/8-great-youtube-channels-for-math.html</ref>

[https://www.youtube.com/c/numberphile Numberphile] is a popular math YouTube channel created by Brady Haron. His videos are composed by all sorts of mathematical concepts which often feature mathematicians and other experts in different math fields.
Other important educational channels include Socratica, Mathologer, The Organic Chemistry Tutor, Julioprofe, Math TV, kurtzgesagt, etc.

===Politics===
Many politicians all around the world have used YouTube as the main form of communication for the promotion of their campaigns, replacing tv commercials and direct mail for ads and videos. It has also been used to promote several other political groups, including extremist content, far-right and conspiracy propaganda, rebellious groups, and others.
It is important to note that it has been proven that YouTube’s recommendation algorithm <ref name="recommenderSystem"> Francesco Ricci and Lior Rokach and Bracha Shapira. ''Introduction to Recommender Systems Handbook.'' Recommender Systems Handbook, Springer, 2011, pp. 1-35. Available at http://www.inf.unibz.it/~ricci/papers/intro-rec-sys-handbook.pdf</ref> tends to recommend extremist content, far-right, and conspiracy propaganda. This has led to claims that YouTube has been used as a tool for political radicalization.

YouTube became more important in politics by 2008 when the political landscape started a major shift by having seven of the sixteen presidential candidates announcing their campaigns on YouTube. Right after, many tests showed that the videos affected popular perception much more than direct mail.<ref name="YTAdspolitics"> Rico Hermann
. ''Consumers' Perception of Online Video Advertising.'' Available at https://www.researchgate.net/publication/344452139_Consumers'_Perception_of_Online_Video_Advertising</ref>

By 2009 several entities such as the U.S. Congress and the Vatican used YouTube to disseminate information. By 2012, Obama’s re-election campaign included 30 staff working on YouTube.

Since Obama’s rise to the presidency, YouTube has been a major tool for the dissemination of information for every branch of the U.S. government. Other governments would follow the same standard right after if they were not already doing it.

Many other important political social movements owe a great part of their influence to YouTube, some examples include the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab_Spring Arab Spring], [https://www.usefulideasproject.com/daniel-hannan-who-is-he-who-funds-him-and-what-do-they-want/ Hannan’s radical libertarian politics], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bassem_Youssef Bassem Youssef], [https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-15553373 Mocking of Presidential elections in Russia], etc.

===Advertising and Marketing===
YouTube brought a new way of advertisement. Instead of sitting through annoying commercials when watching television, people would go to YouTube and click on adverts themselves. This is because of the new method of marketing developed, in which, instead of forcing people to forcefully watch adverts, now you must pull people toward it. This change made brands try to connect with people associating common interests with their products, such as Red Bull with their extreme sports commercials or Nike with football.

Another change was in the length of adverts. Previously on tv adverts were normally 30 seconds long, with YouTube the length has extended to 3 minutes, normally the 3-minute advert being an extension of the 30 seconds one.

Another important change is to partner and sponsor programs with YouTubers. YouTube channels today offer advertisers more guaranteed reachability to a specific public, which previously could not be done on tv.

Note that YouTube also has 30 seconds average adverts in videos that can be both skippable and not and are found in any part of a video. These adverts have not brought a major impact of any kind since they are similar to tv adverts.

===Living off Youtube===
The greatest impact of YouTube is the creation of a new form of living which normally includes winning money by working on your hobby, something you like doing. YouTube has a “Partner Program” which is an ad-revenue-sharing arrangement started in 2007. This program allows for any person lucky or skilled enough to win money in exchange of views and adverts on their videos.<ref name="YTequivJobs"> Andrew Hutchinson. ''New Report Finds YouTube Facilitated 394,000 Full-Time Equivalent Jobs in the US in 2020.'' Social Media Today. Available at https://www.socialmediatoday.com/news/new-report-finds-youtube-facilitated-394000-full-time-equivalent-jobs-in-t/607807/</ref>

Today, there are thousands of YouTubers living off Youtube as their main source of income, with the top ones winning more than one million USD dollars a month. <ref name="YTJobsStatistics">'' Estimated annual earnings of selected YouTube channel creators in 2021.'' Statista. Available at https://www.statista.com/statistics/373772/youtubers-monetization-earnings-celebrity/#</ref>

This new model of job has brought a major change in the work. It gives everyone the opportunity to try, anyone can upload almost anything to YouTube, for free, and be in the chance of making a living off it. This brings a new wave of thought in which it is not necessary to go to university and get a standard 8-hour job. <ref name="YTJobsStatisticsFacts"> L. Ceci.'' YouTube - Statistics & Facts.'' Statista. Available at https://www.statista.com/topics/2019/youtube/#topicHeader__wrapper</ref>

==Political Impact==

==Censorship==

==References==
<references/>

The History And Impact Of YouTube

2022-04-28T11:09:07Z

Aballe: /* Living off Youtube */

==History==

==How Youtube Works==

==Social Impact==

Since the beginning of YouTube, it has been an influence on our society, acquiring a major impact through the passing of the years, reaching today’s mark of more than 800 million unique user visits to the search engine monthly.<ref name="YTstatisticsfacts">''YouTube - Statistics & Facts''. Statista. Available at https://www.statista.com/topics/2019/youtube/#:~:text=As%20of%202021%2C%20there%20was,aged%2035%20and%2044%20years</ref>
One of the greatest contributing factors to this number is the vast amount of diverse content produced on YouTube daily, ranging from educational videos to humoristic entertainment, political campaigns, social movements, music, videogames, health, and much more.
It is important to note that as much as YouTube can have a positive impact on society, it can generate the opposite effect, and harm society in multiple ways, one of them being the spread of false information. Critics state that YouTube’s extreme freedom when publishing videos works as a double-edged sword by allowing the spread of misinformation with little to no consequences.<ref name="YTnegImpact">Stephanie Morse.''YouTube: The Good, The Bad, and the Ugly''. ACPC Psychology. Available at https://www.statista.com/topics/2019/youtube/#:~:text=As%20of%202021%2C%20there%20was,aged%2035%20and%2044%20years</ref>
YouTube’s impact on society can be divided into several sections:

===Communities===
One of the most important aspects of life is socialization, which normally would be with groups with similar interests. These groups with one or more common interests are called Communities. Communities are critical because they are often an important source of social connections and a sense of belonging, and the absence of communities in a person’s life can lead to serious mental health issues.<ref name="TYofficialBlog">Neal Mohan. ''A Look at 2022: Community, Collaboration, and Commerce''. YouTube Official Blog. Available at https://blog.youtube/inside-youtube/innovations-for-2022-at-youtube/</ref>

YouTube nowadays plays a very important role in this aspect. Once again, thanks to the immense variety of content, communities of all types, forms, and sizes have formed. These communities are an important resource for individuals who are part of underrepresented groups and may not have access to or feel comfortable in traditional organizations rooted in inequity. <ref name="YTWomen">Regueira, U., Alonso-Ferreiro, A., & Da-Vila, S. ''Women on youtube: Representation and participation through the web scraping technique. ''. Comunicar: Media Education Research Journal. Available at https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1249381</ref>

The effect these communities have is one of auto-development in which thanks to the publishing of content, the community grows and grows in a steady manner, allowing to attract new members as well to keep the veterans.
Benefits of communities include a support network, professional development, sense of purpose, new inspiration and ideas, and greater resilience among many others.

===Education===
YouTube videos have had a major role in students learning abilities, becoming the best and most popular source of educational video content. It is constantly used by institutions, teachers, and students to upload videos with academic material, as well as homework and any other video and sound resource.<ref name="YTSchange">Jelissa Burns . ''How YouTube is changing education.''The Advance-Titan. Available at https://advancetitan.com/news/2020/12/09/how-youtube-is-changing-education</ref> Most educational institutes and organizations also record their lessons and lectures as videos and upload them to YouTube. This has completely changed the way of teaching as well as studying.<ref name="YTEentertainment">Karen Hua.'' Education as Entertainment: YouTube Sensations Teaching The Future.'' Forbes. Available at https://www.forbes.com/sites/karenhua/2015/06/23/education-as-entertainment-youtube-sensations-teaching-the-future/</ref> Previously it was extremely important to take notes in a classroom, but now that doesn’t matter because one student can repeat the lecture as many times as he/she wants.

[[File:khan_academy_logo.jpg|150px|thumb|KHAN Academy Logo <ref>''KHAN ACADEMY''. Available at https://tgstat.com/channel/@khan_academy_maths Accessed 28-04-2022</ref>]]

====Khan Academy and YouTube====
Khan Academy has a well-established presence as one of the most popular non-profit education schools. It is well established among different social media, but it has a major impact on YouTube, having more than 7.12 million subscribers (February 2022). The channel has playlists of Maths, Chemistry, Biology, Arts and Humanities, Science &Engineering, Computing, Economics & finance. All these playlists are constantly used in schools all around the world to teach a variety of subjects. <ref name="KhanAcademy">KHAN Academy Impact. KHAN Academy. Available at https://www.khanacademy.org/about/impact#</ref>
Another important mention concerning the impact of Youtube and Khan Academy is a study that shows that “Use of Khan Academy was positively associated with better than predicted test scores, lower math anxiety, and higher confidence in one’s ability to do the math.” <ref name="KhanAcademyStatistics">''Khan Academy YouTube Channel Statistics.'' Vidooly. Available at https://www.khanacademy.org/about/impact#</ref>

====Independent Educational Youtubers====
Education is not only available through Organizations or schools themselves, but there is a great variety of individuals whose channels are dedicated to education.

[https://www.3blue1brown.com 3blue1brown], by Grant Sanderson, is a channel dedicated to math problems, linear algebra, neural networks, calculus, quantum mechanics, etc. 3blue1brown videos use a special animation engine created by him which further increases the quality of his videos and help his channel become one of the best educational sources in Youtube according to diverse surveys.<ref name="BestYTC">Educatorstechnology. ''Best Math YouTube channels.'' Educational Technology and Mobile Learning. https://www.educatorstechnology.com/2012/10/8-great-youtube-channels-for-math.html</ref>

[https://www.youtube.com/c/numberphile Numberphile] is a popular math YouTube channel created by Brady Haron. His videos are composed by all sorts of mathematical concepts which often feature mathematicians and other experts in different math fields.
Other important educational channels include Socratica, Mathologer, The Organic Chemistry Tutor, Julioprofe, Math TV, kurtzgesagt, etc.

===Politics===
Many politicians all around the world have used YouTube as the main form of communication for the promotion of their campaigns, replacing tv commercials and direct mail for ads and videos. It has also been used to promote several other political groups, including extremist content, far-right and conspiracy propaganda, rebellious groups, and others.
It is important to note that it has been proven that YouTube’s recommendation algorithm <ref name="recommenderSystem"> Francesco Ricci and Lior Rokach and Bracha Shapira. ''Introduction to Recommender Systems Handbook.'' Recommender Systems Handbook, Springer, 2011, pp. 1-35. Available at http://www.inf.unibz.it/~ricci/papers/intro-rec-sys-handbook.pdf</ref> tends to recommend extremist content, far-right, and conspiracy propaganda. This has led to claims that YouTube has been used as a tool for political radicalization.

YouTube became more important in politics by 2008 when the political landscape started a major shift by having seven of the sixteen presidential candidates announcing their campaigns on YouTube. Right after, many tests showed that the videos affected popular perception much more than direct mail.<ref name="YTAdspolitics"> Rico Hermann
. ''Consumers' Perception of Online Video Advertising.'' Available at https://www.researchgate.net/publication/344452139_Consumers'_Perception_of_Online_Video_Advertising</ref>

By 2009 several entities such as the U.S. Congress and the Vatican used YouTube to disseminate information. By 2012, Obama’s re-election campaign included 30 staff working on YouTube.

Since Obama’s rise to the presidency, YouTube has been a major tool for the dissemination of information for every branch of the U.S. government. Other governments would follow the same standard right after if they were not already doing it.

Many other important political social movements owe a great part of their influence to YouTube, some examples include the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab_Spring Arab Spring], [https://www.usefulideasproject.com/daniel-hannan-who-is-he-who-funds-him-and-what-do-they-want/ Hannan’s radical libertarian politics], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bassem_Youssef Bassem Youssef], [https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-15553373 Mocking of Presidential elections in Russia], etc.

===Advertising and Marketing===
YouTube brought a new way of advertisement. Instead of sitting through annoying commercials when watching television, people would go to YouTube and click on adverts themselves. This is because of the new method of marketing developed, in which, instead of forcing people to forcefully watch adverts, now you must pull people toward it. This change made brands try to connect with people associating common interests with their products, such as Red Bull with their extreme sports commercials or Nike with football.

Another change was in the length of adverts. Previously on tv adverts were normally 30 seconds long, with YouTube the length has extended to 3 minutes, normally the 3-minute advert being an extension of the 30 seconds one.

Another important change is to partner and sponsor programs with YouTubers. YouTube channels today offer advertisers more guaranteed reachability to a specific public, which previously could not be done on tv.

Note that YouTube also has 30 seconds average adverts in videos that can be both skippable and not and are found in any part of a video. These adverts have not brought a major impact of any kind since they are similar to tv adverts.

===Living off Youtube===
The greatest impact of YouTube is the creation of a new form of living which normally includes winning money by working on your hobby, something you like doing. YouTube has a “Partner Program” which is an ad-revenue-sharing arrangement started in 2007. This program allows for any person lucky or skilled enough to win money in exchange of views and adverts on their videos.<ref name="YTequivJobs"> Andrew Hutchinson. ''New Report Finds YouTube Facilitated 394,000 Full-Time Equivalent Jobs in the US in 2020.'' Social Media Today. Available at https://www.socialmediatoday.com/news/new-report-finds-youtube-facilitated-394000-full-time-equivalent-jobs-in-t/607807/</ref>

Today, there are thousands of YouTubers living off Youtube as their main source of income, with the top ones winning more than one million USD dollars a month. <ref name="YTJobsStatistics">'' Estimated annual earnings of selected YouTube channel creators in 2021.'' Statista. Available at https://www.statista.com/statistics/373772/youtubers-monetization-earnings-celebrity/#</ref>

This new model of job has brought a major change in the work. It gives everyone the opportunity to try, anyone can upload almost anything to YouTube, for free, and be in the chance of making a living off it. This brings a new wave of thought in which it is not necessary to go to university and get a standard 8-hour job. [20]

==Political Impact==

==Censorship==

==References==
<references/>

The History And Impact Of YouTube

2022-04-28T11:03:21Z

Aballe: /* Advertising and Marketing */ More additions to Social Impact

==History==

==How Youtube Works==

==Social Impact==

Since the beginning of YouTube, it has been an influence on our society, acquiring a major impact through the passing of the years, reaching today’s mark of more than 800 million unique user visits to the search engine monthly.<ref name="YTstatisticsfacts">''YouTube - Statistics & Facts''. Statista. Available at https://www.statista.com/topics/2019/youtube/#:~:text=As%20of%202021%2C%20there%20was,aged%2035%20and%2044%20years</ref>
One of the greatest contributing factors to this number is the vast amount of diverse content produced on YouTube daily, ranging from educational videos to humoristic entertainment, political campaigns, social movements, music, videogames, health, and much more.
It is important to note that as much as YouTube can have a positive impact on society, it can generate the opposite effect, and harm society in multiple ways, one of them being the spread of false information. Critics state that YouTube’s extreme freedom when publishing videos works as a double-edged sword by allowing the spread of misinformation with little to no consequences.<ref name="YTnegImpact">Stephanie Morse.''YouTube: The Good, The Bad, and the Ugly''. ACPC Psychology. Available at https://www.statista.com/topics/2019/youtube/#:~:text=As%20of%202021%2C%20there%20was,aged%2035%20and%2044%20years</ref>
YouTube’s impact on society can be divided into several sections:

===Communities===
One of the most important aspects of life is socialization, which normally would be with groups with similar interests. These groups with one or more common interests are called Communities. Communities are critical because they are often an important source of social connections and a sense of belonging, and the absence of communities in a person’s life can lead to serious mental health issues.<ref name="TYofficialBlog">Neal Mohan. ''A Look at 2022: Community, Collaboration, and Commerce''. YouTube Official Blog. Available at https://blog.youtube/inside-youtube/innovations-for-2022-at-youtube/</ref>

YouTube nowadays plays a very important role in this aspect. Once again, thanks to the immense variety of content, communities of all types, forms, and sizes have formed. These communities are an important resource for individuals who are part of underrepresented groups and may not have access to or feel comfortable in traditional organizations rooted in inequity. <ref name="YTWomen">Regueira, U., Alonso-Ferreiro, A., & Da-Vila, S. ''Women on youtube: Representation and participation through the web scraping technique. ''. Comunicar: Media Education Research Journal. Available at https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1249381</ref>

The effect these communities have is one of auto-development in which thanks to the publishing of content, the community grows and grows in a steady manner, allowing to attract new members as well to keep the veterans.
Benefits of communities include a support network, professional development, sense of purpose, new inspiration and ideas, and greater resilience among many others.

===Education===
YouTube videos have had a major role in students learning abilities, becoming the best and most popular source of educational video content. It is constantly used by institutions, teachers, and students to upload videos with academic material, as well as homework and any other video and sound resource.<ref name="YTSchange">Jelissa Burns . ''How YouTube is changing education.''The Advance-Titan. Available at https://advancetitan.com/news/2020/12/09/how-youtube-is-changing-education</ref> Most educational institutes and organizations also record their lessons and lectures as videos and upload them to YouTube. This has completely changed the way of teaching as well as studying.<ref name="YTEentertainment">Karen Hua.'' Education as Entertainment: YouTube Sensations Teaching The Future.'' Forbes. Available at https://www.forbes.com/sites/karenhua/2015/06/23/education-as-entertainment-youtube-sensations-teaching-the-future/</ref> Previously it was extremely important to take notes in a classroom, but now that doesn’t matter because one student can repeat the lecture as many times as he/she wants.

[[File:khan_academy_logo.jpg|150px|thumb|KHAN Academy Logo <ref>''KHAN ACADEMY''. Available at https://tgstat.com/channel/@khan_academy_maths Accessed 28-04-2022</ref>]]

====Khan Academy and YouTube====
Khan Academy has a well-established presence as one of the most popular non-profit education schools. It is well established among different social media, but it has a major impact on YouTube, having more than 7.12 million subscribers (February 2022). The channel has playlists of Maths, Chemistry, Biology, Arts and Humanities, Science &Engineering, Computing, Economics & finance. All these playlists are constantly used in schools all around the world to teach a variety of subjects. <ref name="KhanAcademy">KHAN Academy Impact. KHAN Academy. Available at https://www.khanacademy.org/about/impact#</ref>
Another important mention concerning the impact of Youtube and Khan Academy is a study that shows that “Use of Khan Academy was positively associated with better than predicted test scores, lower math anxiety, and higher confidence in one’s ability to do the math.” <ref name="KhanAcademyStatistics">''Khan Academy YouTube Channel Statistics.'' Vidooly. Available at https://www.khanacademy.org/about/impact#</ref>

====Independent Educational Youtubers====
Education is not only available through Organizations or schools themselves, but there is a great variety of individuals whose channels are dedicated to education.

[https://www.3blue1brown.com 3blue1brown], by Grant Sanderson, is a channel dedicated to math problems, linear algebra, neural networks, calculus, quantum mechanics, etc. 3blue1brown videos use a special animation engine created by him which further increases the quality of his videos and help his channel become one of the best educational sources in Youtube according to diverse surveys.<ref name="BestYTC">Educatorstechnology. ''Best Math YouTube channels.'' Educational Technology and Mobile Learning. https://www.educatorstechnology.com/2012/10/8-great-youtube-channels-for-math.html</ref>

[https://www.youtube.com/c/numberphile Numberphile] is a popular math YouTube channel created by Brady Haron. His videos are composed by all sorts of mathematical concepts which often feature mathematicians and other experts in different math fields.
Other important educational channels include Socratica, Mathologer, The Organic Chemistry Tutor, Julioprofe, Math TV, kurtzgesagt, etc.

===Politics===
Many politicians all around the world have used YouTube as the main form of communication for the promotion of their campaigns, replacing tv commercials and direct mail for ads and videos. It has also been used to promote several other political groups, including extremist content, far-right and conspiracy propaganda, rebellious groups, and others.
It is important to note that it has been proven that YouTube’s recommendation algorithm <ref name="recommenderSystem"> Francesco Ricci and Lior Rokach and Bracha Shapira. ''Introduction to Recommender Systems Handbook.'' Recommender Systems Handbook, Springer, 2011, pp. 1-35. Available at http://www.inf.unibz.it/~ricci/papers/intro-rec-sys-handbook.pdf</ref> tends to recommend extremist content, far-right, and conspiracy propaganda. This has led to claims that YouTube has been used as a tool for political radicalization.

YouTube became more important in politics by 2008 when the political landscape started a major shift by having seven of the sixteen presidential candidates announcing their campaigns on YouTube. Right after, many tests showed that the videos affected popular perception much more than direct mail.<ref name="YTAdspolitics"> Rico Hermann
. ''Consumers' Perception of Online Video Advertising.'' Available at https://www.researchgate.net/publication/344452139_Consumers'_Perception_of_Online_Video_Advertising</ref>

By 2009 several entities such as the U.S. Congress and the Vatican used YouTube to disseminate information. By 2012, Obama’s re-election campaign included 30 staff working on YouTube.

Since Obama’s rise to the presidency, YouTube has been a major tool for the dissemination of information for every branch of the U.S. government. Other governments would follow the same standard right after if they were not already doing it.

Many other important political social movements owe a great part of their influence to YouTube, some examples include the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab_Spring Arab Spring], [https://www.usefulideasproject.com/daniel-hannan-who-is-he-who-funds-him-and-what-do-they-want/ Hannan’s radical libertarian politics], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bassem_Youssef Bassem Youssef], [https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-15553373 Mocking of Presidential elections in Russia], etc.

===Advertising and Marketing===
YouTube brought a new way of advertisement. Instead of sitting through annoying commercials when watching television, people would go to YouTube and click on adverts themselves. This is because of the new method of marketing developed, in which, instead of forcing people to forcefully watch adverts, now you must pull people toward it. This change made brands try to connect with people associating common interests with their products, such as Red Bull with their extreme sports commercials or Nike with football.

Another change was in the length of adverts. Previously on tv adverts were normally 30 seconds long, with YouTube the length has extended to 3 minutes, normally the 3-minute advert being an extension of the 30 seconds one.

Another important change is to partner and sponsor programs with YouTubers. YouTube channels today offer advertisers more guaranteed reachability to a specific public, which previously could not be done on tv.

Note that YouTube also has 30 seconds average adverts in videos that can be both skippable and not and are found in any part of a video. These adverts have not brought a major impact of any kind since they are similar to tv adverts.

===Living off Youtube===
The greatest impact of YouTube is the creation of a new form of living which normally includes winning money by working on your hobby, something you like doing. YouTube has a “Partner Program” which is an ad-revenue-sharing arrangement started in 2007. This program allows for any person lucky or skilled enough to win money in exchange of views and adverts on their videos. [18] [19]

Today, there are thousands of YouTubers living off Youtube as their main source of income, with the top ones winning more than one million USD dollars a month. [20]

This new model of job has brought a major change in the work. It gives everyone the opportunity to try, anyone can upload almost anything to YouTube, for free, and be in the chance of making a living off it. This brings a new wave of thought in which it is not necessary to go to university and get a standard 8-hour job. [20]

==Political Impact==

==Censorship==

==References==
<references/>

The History And Impact Of YouTube

2022-04-28T10:43:08Z

Aballe: /* Social Impact */ Social Impact Halfway done

==History==

==How Youtube Works==

==Social Impact==

Since the beginning of YouTube, it has been an influence on our society, acquiring a major impact through the passing of the years, reaching today’s mark of more than 800 million unique user visits to the search engine monthly.<ref name="YTstatisticsfacts">''YouTube - Statistics & Facts''. Statista. Available at https://www.statista.com/topics/2019/youtube/#:~:text=As%20of%202021%2C%20there%20was,aged%2035%20and%2044%20years</ref>
One of the greatest contributing factors to this number is the vast amount of diverse content produced on YouTube daily, ranging from educational videos to humoristic entertainment, political campaigns, social movements, music, videogames, health, and much more.
It is important to note that as much as YouTube can have a positive impact on society, it can generate the opposite effect, and harm society in multiple ways, one of them being the spread of false information. Critics state that YouTube’s extreme freedom when publishing videos works as a double-edged sword by allowing the spread of misinformation with little to no consequences.<ref name="YTnegImpact">Stephanie Morse.''YouTube: The Good, The Bad, and the Ugly''. ACPC Psychology. Available at https://www.statista.com/topics/2019/youtube/#:~:text=As%20of%202021%2C%20there%20was,aged%2035%20and%2044%20years</ref>
YouTube’s impact on society can be divided into several sections:

===Communities===
One of the most important aspects of life is socialization, which normally would be with groups with similar interests. These groups with one or more common interests are called Communities. Communities are critical because they are often an important source of social connections and a sense of belonging, and the absence of communities in a person’s life can lead to serious mental health issues.<ref name="TYofficialBlog">Neal Mohan. ''A Look at 2022: Community, Collaboration, and Commerce''. YouTube Official Blog. Available at https://blog.youtube/inside-youtube/innovations-for-2022-at-youtube/</ref>

YouTube nowadays plays a very important role in this aspect. Once again, thanks to the immense variety of content, communities of all types, forms, and sizes have formed. These communities are an important resource for individuals who are part of underrepresented groups and may not have access to or feel comfortable in traditional organizations rooted in inequity. <ref name="YTWomen">Regueira, U., Alonso-Ferreiro, A., & Da-Vila, S. ''Women on youtube: Representation and participation through the web scraping technique. ''. Comunicar: Media Education Research Journal. Available at https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1249381</ref>

The effect these communities have is one of auto-development in which thanks to the publishing of content, the community grows and grows in a steady manner, allowing to attract new members as well to keep the veterans.
Benefits of communities include a support network, professional development, sense of purpose, new inspiration and ideas, and greater resilience among many others.

===Education===
YouTube videos have had a major role in students learning abilities, becoming the best and most popular source of educational video content. It is constantly used by institutions, teachers, and students to upload videos with academic material, as well as homework and any other video and sound resource.<ref name="YTSchange">Jelissa Burns . ''How YouTube is changing education.''The Advance-Titan. Available at https://advancetitan.com/news/2020/12/09/how-youtube-is-changing-education</ref> Most educational institutes and organizations also record their lessons and lectures as videos and upload them to YouTube. This has completely changed the way of teaching as well as studying.<ref name="YTEentertainment">Karen Hua.'' Education as Entertainment: YouTube Sensations Teaching The Future.'' Forbes. Available at https://www.forbes.com/sites/karenhua/2015/06/23/education-as-entertainment-youtube-sensations-teaching-the-future/</ref> Previously it was extremely important to take notes in a classroom, but now that doesn’t matter because one student can repeat the lecture as many times as he/she wants.

[[File:khan_academy_logo.jpg|150px|thumb|KHAN Academy Logo <ref>''KHAN ACADEMY''. Available at https://tgstat.com/channel/@khan_academy_maths Accessed 28-04-2022</ref>]]

====Khan Academy and YouTube====
Khan Academy has a well-established presence as one of the most popular non-profit education schools. It is well established among different social media, but it has a major impact on YouTube, having more than 7.12 million subscribers (February 2022). The channel has playlists of Maths, Chemistry, Biology, Arts and Humanities, Science &Engineering, Computing, Economics & finance. All these playlists are constantly used in schools all around the world to teach a variety of subjects. <ref name="KhanAcademy">KHAN Academy Impact. KHAN Academy. Available at https://www.khanacademy.org/about/impact#</ref>
Another important mention concerning the impact of Youtube and Khan Academy is a study that shows that “Use of Khan Academy was positively associated with better than predicted test scores, lower math anxiety, and higher confidence in one’s ability to do the math.” <ref name="KhanAcademyStatistics">''Khan Academy YouTube Channel Statistics.'' Vidooly. Available at https://www.khanacademy.org/about/impact#</ref>

====Independent Educational Youtubers====
Education is not only available through Organizations or schools themselves, but there is a great variety of individuals whose channels are dedicated to education.

[https://www.3blue1brown.com 3blue1brown], by Grant Sanderson, is a channel dedicated to math problems, linear algebra, neural networks, calculus, quantum mechanics, etc. 3blue1brown videos use a special animation engine created by him which further increases the quality of his videos and help his channel become one of the best educational sources in Youtube according to diverse surveys.<ref name="BestYTC">Educatorstechnology. ''Best Math YouTube channels.'' Educational Technology and Mobile Learning. https://www.educatorstechnology.com/2012/10/8-great-youtube-channels-for-math.html</ref>

[https://www.youtube.com/c/numberphile Numberphile] is a popular math YouTube channel created by Brady Haron. His videos are composed by all sorts of mathematical concepts which often feature mathematicians and other experts in different math fields.
Other important educational channels include Socratica, Mathologer, The Organic Chemistry Tutor, Julioprofe, Math TV, kurtzgesagt, etc.

===Politics===
Many politicians all around the world have used YouTube as the main form of communication for the promotion of their campaigns, replacing tv commercials and direct mail for ads and videos. It has also been used to promote several other political groups, including extremist content, far-right and conspiracy propaganda, rebellious groups, and others.
It is important to note that it has been proven that YouTube’s recommendation algorithm <ref name="recommenderSystem"> Francesco Ricci and Lior Rokach and Bracha Shapira. ''Introduction to Recommender Systems Handbook.'' Recommender Systems Handbook, Springer, 2011, pp. 1-35. Available at http://www.inf.unibz.it/~ricci/papers/intro-rec-sys-handbook.pdf</ref> tends to recommend extremist content, far-right, and conspiracy propaganda. This has led to claims that YouTube has been used as a tool for political radicalization.

YouTube became more important in politics by 2008 when the political landscape started a major shift by having seven of the sixteen presidential candidates announcing their campaigns on YouTube. Right after, many tests showed that the videos affected popular perception much more than direct mail.<ref name="YTAdspolitics"> Rico Hermann
. ''Consumers' Perception of Online Video Advertising.'' Available at https://www.researchgate.net/publication/344452139_Consumers'_Perception_of_Online_Video_Advertising</ref>

By 2009 several entities such as the U.S. Congress and the Vatican used YouTube to disseminate information. By 2012, Obama’s re-election campaign included 30 staff working on YouTube.

Since Obama’s rise to the presidency, YouTube has been a major tool for the dissemination of information for every branch of the U.S. government. Other governments would follow the same standard right after if they were not already doing it.

Many other important political social movements owe a great part of their influence to YouTube, some examples include the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab_Spring Arab Spring], [https://www.usefulideasproject.com/daniel-hannan-who-is-he-who-funds-him-and-what-do-they-want/ Hannan’s radical libertarian politics], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bassem_Youssef Bassem Youssef], [https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-15553373 Mocking of Presidential elections in Russia], etc.

===Advertising and Marketing===
YouTube brought a new way of advertisement. Instead of sitting through annoying commercials when watching television, people would go to YouTube and click on adverts themselves. This is because of the new method of marketing developed, in which, instead of forcing people to forcefully watch adverts, now you must pull people toward it. This change made brands try to connect with people associating common interests with their products, such as Red Bull with their extreme sports commercials or Nike with football.[16]

==Political Impact==

==Censorship==

==References==
<references/>

The History And Impact Of YouTube

2022-04-28T08:35:52Z

Aballe: Adding content to Social Impact of Youtube

==History==

==How Youtube Works==

==Social Impact==

[[File:khan_academy_logo.jpg|150px|thumb|KHAN Academy Logo <ref>''KHAN ACADEMY''. Available at https://tgstat.com/channel/@khan_academy_maths Accessed 28-04-2022</ref>]]

Since the beginning of YouTube, it has been an influence on our society, acquiring a major impact through the passing of the years, reaching today’s mark of more than 800 million unique user visits to the search engine monthly.<ref name="YTstatisticsfacts">''YouTube - Statistics & Facts''. Statista. Available at https://www.statista.com/topics/2019/youtube/#:~:text=As%20of%202021%2C%20there%20was,aged%2035%20and%2044%20years</ref>
One of the greatest contributing factors to this number is the vast amount of diverse content produced on YouTube daily, ranging from educational videos to humoristic entertainment, political campaigns, social movements, music, videogames, health, and much more.
It is important to note that as much as YouTube can have a positive impact on society, it can generate the opposite effect, and harm society in multiple ways, one of them being the spread of false information. Critics state that YouTube’s extreme freedom when publishing videos works as a double-edged sword by allowing the spread of misinformation with little to no consequences.<ref name="YTnegImpact">Stephanie Morse.''You Tube: The Good, The Bad, and the Ugly''. ACPC Psychology. Available at https://www.statista.com/topics/2019/youtube/#:~:text=As%20of%202021%2C%20there%20was,aged%2035%20and%2044%20years</ref>
YouTube’s impact on society can be divided into several sections:

===Communities===
One of the most important aspects of life is socialization, which normally would be with groups with similar interests. These groups with one or more common interests are called Communities. Communities are critical because they are often an important source of social connections and a sense of belonging, and the absence of communities in a person’s life can lead to serious mental health issues.<ref name="TYofficialBlog">Neal Mohan.''A Look at 2022: Community, Collaboration, and Commerce''. YouTube Official Blog. Available at https://blog.youtube/inside-youtube/innovations-for-2022-at-youtube/</ref>

YouTube nowadays plays a very important role in this aspect. Once again, thanks to the immense variety of content, communities of all types, forms, and sizes have formed. These communities are an important resource for individuals who are part of underrepresented groups and may not have access to or feel comfortable in traditional organizations rooted in inequity. <ref name="YTWomen">Regueira, U., Alonso-Ferreiro, A., & Da-Vila, S. .''Women on youtube: Representation and participation through the web scraping technique. ''. Comunicar: Media Education Research Journal. Available at https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1249381</ref>

==Political Impact==

==Censorship==

==References==
<references/>

The History And Impact Of YouTube

2022-04-28T07:55:17Z

Aballe: /* Social Impact */ Learning and Practicing

==History==

==How Youtube Works==

==Social Impact==

Something<ref name="YTstatisticsfacts">''YouTube - Statistics & Facts''. Statista. Available at https://www.statista.com/topics/2019/youtube/#:~:text=As%20of%202021%2C%20there%20was,aged%2035%20and%2044%20years</ref>

[[File:khan_academy_logo.jpg|150px|thumb|KHAN Academy Logo <ref>''KHAN ACADEMY''. Available at https://tgstat.com/channel/@khan_academy_maths Accessed 28-04-2022</ref>]]

==Political Impact==

==Censorship==

File:Khan academy logo.jpg

2022-04-28T07:52:58Z

Aballe:

E-SPEAIT papers

2022-04-28T07:29:12Z

Aballe: /* Spring 2022 */ Trying to add link to Youtube Group Work

Since the Spring term of 2021, SPEAIT papers can be written or uploaded here.

=== Spring 2021 ===

* ... (title, authors, link etc)

* [[The Chinese Social Credit System]] - Bálint Adám, Dominik Kovács, Benedek Matveev, Luca Mizzi, Carlos Rodriguez
* Edvin Ess, Kristiina Šamanina, Mihkel Kiil, Johanna Heinonen link: [[Development and usage of artificial intelligence in chess]]
* Jan Markus Üprus, Andre Tomingas, Mariano D'Angelo link: [[Onions can make people cry]]
* Andrei Boitsov, Dennis Bykov, Elina Kurr, Leonid Vagulin link: [[Neural Network and its applications]]
* Keisuke Konno, Sandro Chkareuli, Kristo Tammsoo, Valentin Kirjan link: [[Capture The Flag 101]]
* Anton Kolisnetšenko, Kirill Kurkin, Nikita Kovaljov, Mark Shafran link: [[Gaming industry in CIS and other world]]
* [[Netstalking]] - Anastassya Pellja, Marion Martin, Elza Anna Budreika, Dachi Mshvidobadze, Maxim Henry Don

=== Spring 2022 ===

* Tashi Kamlaldin Rwalshrangpa, Sanan Mammadli, Adeyimika Agboola Adetunji, Alejandro Ballesteros Perez, Louis Alvin:- [[The History And Impact Of YouTube]].
* Vladislav Suprun, Aleksandr Voronkov, Andrei Aleksejev, Ilya Nikolaev: [[5G technology and it's development in Estonia]].
* Farid Azizov, Rashad Baghiyev, Rauf Gozal, Orkhan Hasanzade, Aamos Lokuta: A brief history of malware.
* Artur Lykov, Roman Krutsko, Artyom Davydik, Aleksei Bahmatov, Edvin Toome: [[History of GameDev Industry]]
* Maria Ivanova, Nadine Jungermann, Jáchym Líva, Sofia Bermudez and Immo Fritze: Power of Facebook
* Maria Logberg, Ezel Erguden, Johannes Kodumäe, Lorenzo Cavallini: [[Decentralized Finance: present and future]]
* Andres Naruson, Georgi Tarassov, Pavel Rotov, Dmitri Trubetskoi, Semen Diev: Rise of social media
* Aleksandrs Rimlins, Vladyslava Shekula, Maksim Gorozhanko, Nicoleta Petrea: [[OSINT – theory and practice]]

[[E-SPEAIT | Back to the course page]]

The History And Impact Of YouTube

2022-04-28T07:21:10Z

Aballe: Start of the History of Youtube Group Project

==History==

==How Youtube Works==

==Social Impact==

==Political Impact==

==Censorship==

E-SPEAIT Participants

2022-01-24T21:17:28Z

Aballe:

Everybody should add his/her name and blog address here.

If you log in with your Uni-ID, you should have the 'edit' tab at the top of this page. Alternatively, you are allowed to e-mail the address directly to the lecturer (but this would keep others from reading - and possibly contributing to, by commenting - your blog), therefore publishing is preferred.

Attention: if you see that the list is already long, please add yourself to the '''bottom''' of it. Otherwise, later people will be really hard to spot.

Lecturerː
* Kaido Kikkas, https://jora.kakupesa.net/ (sorry, in Estonian only)

Students:
* Tashi Kamlaldin Rwalshrangpa
* Maria Logberg, https://mlogberg.wordpress.com/
* Semen Diev https://cybersecurityinfospeedrun.blogspot.com/
* Andres Naruson
* Aleksandr Voronkov, https://cyberkotyara.blogspot.com/
* Johannes Kodumäe
* Grzegorz Kmita, https://otisthescribe.wordpress.com/
* Anton Ostashkov, https://anosta1147.wordpress.com/
* Vladislav Suprun, https://vlsupr.blogspot.com/
* Can Çağlar
* Izolde Springe, https://cyberice3.wordpress.com/
* Ezel Erguden https://blog60239333.wordpress.com
* Sanan Mammadli https://taltech-sananm.blogspot.com/
* Alejandro Ballesteros Perez, https://ballesterosalx.wordpress.com/

* The OPML file with the RSS feeds for the forum and all the blogs will be available when the course gets underway and all participants are onboard.

[[E-SPEAIT | Back to the course page]]

[[Category:ITSPEA]]