User talk:Ebarrier: Difference between revisions
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59 RETURN_VALUE Returns the value of TOS | 59 RETURN_VALUE Returns the value of TOS | ||
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1 | 1 | ||
2 def fib(n): | 2 def fib(n): | ||
| Line 341: | Line 341: | ||
bx lr /jump back to caller / | bx lr /jump back to caller / | ||
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With 3 as argument, step by step instructions | With 3 as argument, step by step instructions | ||
Revision as of 00:14, 13 January 2016
etienne@etienne-ThinkPad-W520: ~/Documents lsb_release -a
No LSB modules are available. Distributor ID: Ubuntu Description: Ubuntu 14.04.3 LTS Release: 14.04 Codename: trusty
etienne@etienne-ThinkPad-W520: ~/Documents uname -sr
Linux 3.19.0-25-generic
etienne@etienne-ThinkPad-W520: ~/Documents cat /proc/cpuinfo
processor : 0 vendor_id : GenuineIntel cpu family : 6 model : 42 model name : Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-2860QM CPU @ 2.50GHz stepping : 7 microcode : 0x23 cpu MHz : 800.781 cache size : 8192 KB physical id : 0 siblings : 8 core id : 0 cpu cores : 4 apicid : 0 initial apicid : 0 fpu : yes fpu_exception : yes cpuid level : 13 wp : yes bugs : bogomips : 4983.75 clflush size : 64 cache_alignment : 64 address sizes : 36 bits physical, 48 bits virtual power management:
processor : 1 vendor_id : GenuineIntel cpu family : 6 model : 42 model name : Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-2860QM CPU @ 2.50GHz stepping : 7 microcode : 0x23 cpu MHz : 849.316 cache size : 8192 KB physical id : 0 siblings : 8 core id : 0 cpu cores : 4 apicid : 1 initial apicid : 1 fpu : yes fpu_exception : yes cpuid level : 13 wp : yes bugs : bogomips : 4983.75 clflush size: 64 cache_alignment : 64 address sizes : 36 bits physical, 48 bits virtual power management:
processor : 2 vendor_id : GenuineIntel cpu family : 6 model : 42 model name : Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-2860QM CPU @ 2.50GHz stepping : 7 microcode : 0x23 cpu MHz : 801.074 cache size : 8192 KB physical id : 0 siblings : 8 core id : 1 cpu cores : 4 apicid : 2 initial apicid : 2 fpu : yes fpu_exception : yes cpuid level : 13 wp : yes bugs : bogomips : 4983.75 clflush size : 64 cache_alignment : 64 address sizes : 36 bits physical, 48 bits virtual power management:
processor : 3 vendor_id : GenuineIntel cpu family : 6 model : 42 model name : Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-2860QM CPU @ 2.50GHz stepping : 7 microcode : 0x23 cpu MHz : 800.097 cache size : 8192 KB physical id : 0 siblings : 8 core id : 1 cpu cores : 4 apicid : 3 initial apicid : 3 fpu : yes fpu_exception : yes cpuid level : 13 wp : yes bugs : bogomips : 4983.75 clflush size: 64 cache_alignment : 64 address sizes : 36 bits physical, 48 bits virtual power management:
etienne@etienne-ThinkPad-W520: ~/Documents arch
x86_64
etienne@etienne-ThinkPad-W520: ~/Documents cat /proc/meminfo
MemTotal: 8128036 kB MemFree: 6533108 kB MemAvailable: 7010340 kB Buffers: 68588 kB Cached: 589804 kB SwapCached: 0 kB Active: 1032108 kB Inactive: 398668 kB Active(anon): 774636 kB Inactive(anon): 26916 kB Active(file): 257472 kB Inactive(file): 371752 kB Unevictable: 32 kB Mlocked: 32 kB SwapTotal: 3905532 kB SwapFree: 3905532 kB Dirty: 120 kB Writeback: 0 kB AnonPages: 772420 kB Mapped: 237016 kB Shmem: 29172 kB Slab: 66140 kB SReclaimable: 33900 kB SUnreclaim: 32240 kB KernelStack: 7648 kB PageTables: 26308 kB NFS_Unstable: 0 kB Bounce: 0 kB WritebackTmp: 0 kB CommitLimit: 7969548 kB Committed_AS: 3499748 kB VmallocTotal: 34359738367 kB VmallocUsed: 132284 kB VmallocChunk: 34359549692 kB HardwareCorrupted: 0 kB AnonHugePages: 188416 kB CmaTotal: 0 kB CmaFree: 0 kB HugePages_Total: 0 HugePages_Free: 0 HugePages_Rsvd: 0 HugePages_Surp: 0 Hugepagesize: 2048 kB DirectMap4k: 124544 kB DirectMap2M: 8216576 kB
etienne@etienne-ThinkPad-W520: ~/Documents lspci -t -v -nn
-[0000:00]-+-00.0 Intel Corporation 2nd Generation Core Processor Family DRAM Controller [8086:0104]
+-01.0-[01]--+-00.0 NVIDIA Corporation GF106GLM [Quadro 2000M] [10de:0dda]
| \-00.1 NVIDIA Corporation GF106 High Definition Audio Controller [10de:0be9]
+-16.0 Intel Corporation 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family MEI Controller #1 [8086:1c3a]
+-16.3 Intel Corporation 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family KT Controller [8086:1c3d]
+-19.0 Intel Corporation 82579LM Gigabit Network Connection [8086:1502]
+-1a.0 Intel Corporation 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family USB Enhanced Host Controller #2 [8086:1c2d]
+-1b.0 Intel Corporation 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family High Definition Audio Controller [8086:1c20]
+-1c.0-[02]--
+-1c.1-[03]----00.0 Intel Corporation Centrino Ultimate-N 6300 [8086:4238]
+-1c.3-[05-0c]--
+-1c.4-[0d]--+-00.0 Ricoh Co Ltd PCIe SDXC/MMC Host Controller [1180:e823]
| \-00.3 Ricoh Co Ltd R5C832 PCIe IEEE 1394 Controller [1180:e832]
+-1c.6-[0e]----00.0 NEC Corporation uPD720200 USB 3.0 Host Controller [1033:0194]
+-1d.0 Intel Corporation 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family USB Enhanced Host Controller #1 [8086:1c26]
+-1f.0 Intel Corporation QM67 Express Chipset Family LPC Controller [8086:1c4f]
+-1f.2 Intel Corporation 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family 6 port SATA AHCI Controller [8086:1c03]
\-1f.3 Intel Corporation 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family SMBus Controller [8086:1c22]
etienne@etienne-ThinkPad-W520: ~/Documents lsusb
Bus 004 Device 003: ID 0bdb:1911 Ericsson Business Mobile Networks BV Bus 004 Device 002: ID 8087:0024 Intel Corp. Integrated Rate Matching Hub Bus 004 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0003 Linux Foundation 3.0 root hub Bus 001 Device 002: ID 046d:c515 Logitech, Inc. Cordless 2.4 GHz Presenter Presentation remote control Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub Bus 003 Device 006: ID 04f2:b217 Chicony Electronics Co., Ltd Lenovo Integrated Camera (0.3MP) Bus 003 Device 004: ID 147e:2016 Upek Biometric Touchchip/Touchstrip Fingerprint Sensor Bus 003 Device 003: ID 0765:5001 X-Rite, Inc. Huey PRO Colorimeter Bus 003 Device 002: ID 8087:0024 Intel Corp. Integrated Rate Matching Hub
I am running the Ubuntu version 14.04.3 LTS distribution of Linux. The running OS kernel is Linux 3.19.0-25-generic. My CPU is an Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-2860QM CPU @ 2.50GHz. It has 4 cores. The CPU architecture is x86_64: so 64-bit. The RAM is a bit more than 8Gb big. Connected to the PCI devices, there is some DRAM, the graphic card (Nvidia), some unknown controllers (MEI and KT), the Gigabit port card, 2 USB ports, Wireless card (Intel centrino), a SD card port, a Sata port. Regarding the USB devices, I can see the port for the sim card, the camera of the computer, the fingerprint sensor. The fdisk command did not output anything so I used cat /proc/partitions instead. It shows 7 partitions (+ one for the CD/DVD drive): 3 for Windows and 3 for Ubuntu. The screen shows a resolutions of minimum of 320 x 200, maximum 8192 x 8192. The currently used is 1920 x 1080. The wireless network interface is detected, as well as the Bluetooth device (after I turn it ON). The glxinfo command outputs something really long and not understandable. The computer has two audio cards: one buit-in from Intel, and one from Nvidia. Nvidia uses the bus 01.0/00.1 and the Intel one uses the bus 1b.0 The graphic controller is from Nvidia on bus 01.00/00.0 The Lenovo integrated camera is on bus 3. The wired network chipset is 82579LM Gigabit Network Connection from Intel. It is on bus 19.0 The wireless network chipset is Intel Centrino Ultimate-N 6300 on bus 1c.1. I cannot identify the bluetooth device. I think there is a cellular modem connected under "Ericsson Business Mobile Networks" on bus 4.
1 def fib(n): 2 a,b = 1,1 3 for i in range(n-1): 4 a,b = b,a+b 5 return a
2 0 LOAD_CONST 2 ((1, 1)) Constants of 1 and 1 are pushed onto the stack
3 UNPACK_SEQUENCE 2 Unpacks the top-of-stack (TOS) into count individual values,
which are put onto the stack right-to-left
6 STORE_FAST 1 (a) Stores TOS into the local variable a
9 STORE_FAST 2 (b) Stores TOS into the local variable b
3 12 SETUP_LOOP 41 (to 56) Loop until line 56 is set up
15 LOAD_GLOBAL 0 (range) Loads a global range for the loop
18 LOAD_FAST 0 (n) Pushes a reference to the local variable n onto the stack
21 LOAD_CONST 1 (1) Pushes the constant 1 onto the stack
24 BINARY_SUBTRACT Implements TOS = TOS1 - TOS. Subtraction of (n-1)
25 CALL_FUNCTION 1 Calls a function
28 GET_ITER Implements the iteration on TOS
>> 29 FOR_ITER 23 (to 55) TOS is an operator and iteration is set up until line 55
32 STORE_FAST 3 (i) Stores TOS into local variable i
4 35 LOAD_FAST 2 (b) Pushes a reference to the local variable b onto the stack
38 LOAD_FAST 1 (a) Pushes a reference to the local variable a onto the stack
41 LOAD_FAST 2 (b) Pushes a reference to the local variable b onto the stack
44 BINARY_ADD Implements TOS = TOS1 + TOS. Addition of (a+n)
45 ROT_TWO Swaps the two top-most stack items. TOS1 = a+b. TOS = b
46 STORE_FAST 1 (a) Stores TOS into local variable a
49 STORE_FAST 2 (b) Stores TOS into local variable b
52 JUMP_ABSOLUTE 29 Set bytecode counter to target
>> 55 POP_BLOCK End of the iteration
5 >> 56 LOAD_FAST 1 (a) Pushes a reference to the local variable a onto the stack
59 RETURN_VALUE Returns the value of TOS
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1 2 def fib(n): 3 a,b = 1,1 4 for i in range(n-1): 5 a,b = b,a+b 6 return a
fib(3) => see below
3 0 LOAD_CONST 2 ((1, 1)) Stack = [(1, 1)]
3 UNPACK_SEQUENCE 2 Stack = [(1, 1)]
6 STORE_FAST 1 (a) Stack =[]; co_varnames = [a=1]
9 STORE_FAST 2 (b) Stack =[]; co_varnames = [a=1, b=1]
4 12 SETUP_LOOP 41 (to 56) Stack = []; loop is set up, counter is 1
15 LOAD_GLOBAL 0 (range) Stack = []
18 LOAD_FAST 0 (n) Stack = [n=3]
21 LOAD_CONST 1 (1) Stack = [1, n=3]
24 BINARY_SUBTRACT Stack = [n-1=2]
25 CALL_FUNCTION 1
28 GET_ITER
>> 29 FOR_ITER 23 (to 55) Iteration at 1
32 STORE_FAST 3 (i) Stack = []; co_varnames = [a=1, b=1, i=1]
5 35 LOAD_FAST 2 (b) Stack = [b=1]
38 LOAD_FAST 1 (a) Stack = [a=1, b=1]
41 LOAD_FAST 2 (b) Stack = [b=1, a=1, b=1]
44 BINARY_ADD Stack = [b=1+a=1, b=1]
45 ROT_TWO Stack = [b=1, 2]
46 STORE_FAST 1 (a) Stack = []; co_varnames = [a=1, b=1, i=1]
49 STORE_FAST 2 (b) Stack = []; co_varnames = [a=1, b=2, i=1]
52 JUMP_ABSOLUTE 29 Jump to 29
>> 29 FOR_ITER 23 (to 55) Iteration at 2
32 STORE_FAST 3 (i) Stack = []; co_varnames = [a=1, b=2, i=2]
5 35 LOAD_FAST 2 (b) Stack = [b=2]
38 LOAD_FAST 1 (a) Stack = [a=1, b=1]
41 LOAD_FAST 2 (b) Stack = [b=2, a=1, b=2]
44 BINARY_ADD Stack = [b=2+a=1, b=2]
45 ROT_TWO Stack = [b=2, 3]
46 STORE_FAST 1 (a) Stack = []; co_varnames = [a=1, b=2, i=2]
49 STORE_FAST 2 (b) Stack = []; co_varnames = [a=2, b=3, i=2]
52 JUMP_ABSOLUTE 29 Jump to 29
>> 29 FOR_ITER 23 (to 55) Iteration at 3 => jumps to instructions 55
>> 55 POP_BLOCK Ends the loop
6 >> 56 LOAD_FAST 1 (a) Stack = [a=2]
59 RETURN_VALUE Stack = [2]
int fib(n) {
int a = 1;
int b = 1;
int i;
for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
int s = a + b;
a = b;
b = s;
}
return a;
}
General code description
fib:
mov r3, #1 /Copy constant #1 to register 3 /Gives the constant value "1" to b in r3 mov r1, #0 /Copy constant #0 to register 1 /Gives the constant value "0" to i in r1 mov r2, r3 /Copy value in register 3 to register 2 /Gives the value "1" of b to a in r2 b .L2 /Jump to .L2 /Jump to L2
.L3: /Execution of the loop operations
add ip, r2, r3 /ip = r2 + r3 /s(ip) = b(r3) + a(r2) add r1, r1, #1 /r1 = r1 + constant #1 /i(r1) = i(r1) + 1(#1) this is the iteration i++ mov r2, r3 /copy r3 to r2 /b(r3) gives its value to a(r2) mov r3, ip /copy ip to r3 /s(ip) gives its value to b(r3)
.L2: /Condition of the loop
cmp r1, r0 /compare r0 against r1 /Tells if i(r1) equals n (r0) blt .L3 /jumps to .L3 if comparison above is "not equal" /jumps to .L3 if comparison above is "not equal" mov r0, r2 /copy r2 to r0 /0 in r0 gets its value replaces by a(r2). This is the return statement bx lr /jump back to caller /
¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤ With 3 as argument, step by step instructions
fib:
mov r3, #1 /Gives the constant value "1" to b in r3 mov r1, #0 /Gives the constant value "0" to i in r1 mov r2, r3 /Gives the value "1" of b to a in r2 b .L2 /Jump to .L2
.L2: /Loop
cmp r1, r0 /Tells if i=0(r1) equals n=3(r0) blt .L3 /jumps to .L3 as comparison above is "not equal" 0!=3
.L3: /Execution of the loop operations
add ip, r2, r3 /s=2(ip) = b=1(r3) + a=1(r2) add r1, r1, #1 /i=1(r1) = i=0(r1) + 1(#1) this is the iteration i++ mov r2, r3 /b=1(r3) gives its value to a=1(r2) mov r3, ip /s=2(ip) gives its value to b=2(r3)
.L2: /Loop
cmp r1, r0 /Tells if i=1(r1) equals n=3(r0) blt .L3 /jumps to .L3 as comparison above is "not equal" 1!=3
.L3: /Execution of the loop operations
add ip, r2, r3 /s=3(ip) = b=2(r3) + a=1(r2) add r1, r1, #1 /i=2(r1) = i=1(r1) + 1(#1) this is the iteration i++ mov r2, r3 /b=2(r3) gives its value to a=2(r2) mov r3, ip /s=3(ip) gives its value to b=3(r3)
.L2: /Loop
cmp r1, r0 /Tells if i=2(r1) equals n=3(r0) blt .L3 /jumps to .L3 as comparison above is "not equal" 2!=3
.L3: /Execution of the loop operations
add ip, r2, r3 /s=5(ip) = b=3(r3) + a=2(r2) add r1, r1, #1 /i=3(r1) = i=2(r1) + 1(#1) this is the iteration i++ mov r2, r3 /b=3(r3) gives its value to a=3(r2) mov r3, ip /s=5(ip) gives its value to b=5(r3)
.L2: /Loop
cmp r1, r0 /Tells if i=3(r1) equals n=3(r0) => 3=3 end of loop
mov r0, r2 /r0=3 gets its value from a=3(r2). This is the return statement.
bx lr /
At this point the values left in registers are: r0=3, r1=3, r2=3, r3=5, ip=5
