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=Kasutatud kirjandus= | =Kasutatud kirjandus= | ||
*DNF - http://linuxmanpages.net/manpages/fedora20/man8/dnf.8.html | |||
*dnf.conf - http://linuxmanpages.net/manpages/fedora20/man8/dnf.conf.8.html | |||
*Yellowdog Updater, Modified [1] - http://yum.baseurl.org/ | *Yellowdog Updater, Modified [1] - http://yum.baseurl.org/ | ||
*Fedora [2] - https://getfedora.org/ | *Fedora [2] - https://getfedora.org/ |
Latest revision as of 12:46, 7 June 2015
Autor
Tarmo Laiksoo, AK31
Kevad 2015
Sissejuhatus
Käesoleva artikli eesmärk on tutvustada, mis asi on DNF Packet Manager ning mis on selle programmi võimalused.
Mis on DNF Packet Manager
DNF või teisisõnu Dandified Yum on modifitseeritud Yellowdog Updater, Modified[1] versioon, mis võeti kasutusele esmakordselt Linuxi operatsioonisüsteemis Fedora 18[2] ja on vaikimisi olnud põhiline packet manager programm alates Fedora 22-st. DNF kasutab oma tööks RPM'i[3], libsovli ja hawkey andmeid. Metaandmete ja pakketide allalaadimiseks kasutab DNF librepo'd ning protsesside haldamiseks libcomps'i.
Sõltuvused
Libsolv[4]
- Vabavaraline paketi ahelate lahendaja
- Kasutatakse paketi sõltuvuste lahedamiseks ning hoidlate lugemiseks
hawkey[5]
librepro[8]
- Librepro on Linuxi metadata ja pakketide varamu
libcomps[9]
- On alternatiiv yum.comps-le.[10]
- On kirjutatud C keeles ning omab seoseid python2-e ja python3-ga.
Parameetrid
Käsud
- Check Update Command
dnf [options] check-update [<package-specs>...] Non-interactively checks if updates of the specified packages are available. If no <package-specs> are given checks whether any updates at all are available for your system. DNF exit code will be 100 when there are updates available and a list of the updates will be printed, 0 if not and 1 if an error occurs.
- Clean Command
Performs cleanup of temporary files for the currently enabled repositories.
dnf clean dbcache Removes cache files generated from the repository metadata. This forces DNF to regenerate the cache files the next time it is run.
dnf clean expire-cache Removes local cookie files saying when the metadata and mirrorlists were downloaded for each repo. DNF will re-validate the cache for each repo the next time it is used.
dnf clean metadata Removes repository metadata. Those are the files which DNF uses to determine the remote availability of packages. Using this option will make DNF download all the metadata the next time it is run.
dnf clean packages Removes any cached packages from the system. Note that packages are not automatically deleted after they are downloaded.
dnf clean plugins Tells all enabled plugins to eliminate their cached data.
dnf clean all Does all of the above.
- Distro-sync command
dnf distro-sync As necessary upgrades, downgrades or keeps all installed packages to match the latest version available from any enabled repository.
- Distribution-synchronization command
dnf distribution-synchronization Deprecated alias for the Distro-sync command.
- Downgrade Command
dnf [options] downgrade <package-specs>... Downgrades the specified packages to the highest of all known lower versions.
- Erase Command
dnf [options] erase <package-specs>... Removes the specified packages from the system along with any packages depending on the packages being removed. If clean_requirements_on_remove is enabled (the default) also removes any dependencies that are no longer needed.
- Group Command
dnf [options] group [summary] <group-spec> Display overview of how many groups are installed and available. With a spec, limit the output to the matching groups. summary is the default groups subcommand.
dnf [options] group info <group-spec> Display package lists of a group. Shows which packages are installed or available from a repo when -v is used.
dnf [options] group install <group-spec> Install packages in the specified group that are not currently installed.
dnf [options] group list [<group-spec>] List all matching groups, either among installed or available groups. If nothing is specified list all known groups.
dnf [options] group remove [<group-spec>] Removes all packages (default, mandatory and conditional) in the group from the system.
- Help Command
dnf help [<command>] Displays the help text for all commands. If given a command name then only displays the help for that particular command.
- History Command
The history command allows the user to view what has happened in past transactions and act according to this information (assuming the history_record configuration option is set).
dnf history [list] The default history action is listing all known transaction information in a table.
dnf history info [<transaction_id>] Describe the given transaction. When no ID is given describes what happened during the latest transaction.
dnf history undo <transaction-spec> Performs the opposite operation to all operations performed in the specified transaction. If it is not possible to undo any operation due to the current state of RPMDB, DNF does not undo any operation.
- Info Command
dnf [options] info <package-specs>... Is used to list a description and summary information about available packages.
- Install Command
dnf [options] install <package-specs>... Installs the specified packages and their dependencies. After the transaction is finished all the specified packages are installed on the system.
- List Command
Dumps lists of packages depending on the packages' relation to the system. Generally packages are available (it is present in a repository we know about) or installed (present in the RPMDB). The list command can also limit the displayed packages according to other criteria, e.g. to only those that update an installed package.
All the forms take a [<package-specs>...] parameter to further limit the result to only those packages matching it.
dnf [options] list [all] [<package-name-specs>...] Lists all packages known to us, present in the RPMDB, in a repo or in both.
dnf [options] list installed [<package-name-specs>...] Lists installed packages.
dnf [options] list available [<package-name-specs>...] Lists available packages.
dnf [options] list extras [<package-name-specs>...] Lists extras, that is packages installed on the system that are not available in any known repository.
dnf [options] list obsoletes [<package-name-specs>...] List the packages installed on the system that are obsoleted by packages in any known repository.
dnf [options] list recent [<package-name-specs>...] List packages recently added into the repositories.
dnf [options] list upgrades [<package-name-specs>...] List upgrades available for the installed packages.
- Makecache Command
dnf [options] makecache Downloads and caches in binary format metadata for all known repos. Tries to avoid downloading whenever possible (e.g. when the local metadata hasn't expired yet or when the metadata timestamp hasn't changed).
dnf [options] makecache timer Like plain makecache but instructs DNF to be more resource-aware, meaning will not do anything if running on battery power and will terminate immediately if it's too soon after the last successful makecache run (see dnf.conf(8), metadata_timer_sync).
- Provides Command
dnf [options] provides <provide-spec> Finds the packages providing the given <provide-spec>. This is useful when one knows a filename and wants to find what package (installed or not) provides this file.
- Reinstall Command
dnf [options] reinstall <package-specs>... Installs the specified packages, fails if some of the packages are either not installed or not available (i.e. there is no repository where to download the same RPM).
- Repolist Command
dnf [options] repolist [enabled|disabled|all] Depending on the exact command, lists enabled, disabled or all known repositories. Lists all enabled repositories by default. Provides more detailed information when -v option is used.
- Search Command
dnf [options] search [all] <keywords>... Search package metadata for the keywords. Keywords are matched as case-insensitive substrings, globbing is supported. By default the command will only look at package names and summaries, failing that (or whenever all was given as an argument) it will match against package descriptions and URLs. The result is sorted from the most relevant results to the least.
- Update Command
dnf [options] update Deprecated alias for the Upgrade Command.
- Upgrade Command
dnf [options] upgrade Updates each package to a highest version that is both available and resolvable.
dnf [options] upgrade <package-specs>... Updates each specified package to the latest available version. Updates dependencies as necessary.
- Update-To Command
dnf [options] update-to <package-nevr-specs>... Deprecated alias for the Upgrade-To Command.
dnf.conf
- DNF kasutab vaikimisi konfiguratsiooni faili /etc/dnf/dnf.conf ja kõik *.repo failid on leitavad /etc/yum.repos.d.
- Konfiguratsiooni fail on jaotatud kaheks osaks : põhi ja varamu.
Põhi sätted
best When upgrading a package, always try to install its highest version available, even only to find out some of its deps are not satisfiable. Enable this if you want to experience broken dependencies in the repositories firsthand. The default is off.
clean_requirements_on_remove Remove dependencies that are no longer used during dnf erase. A package only qualifies for removal via clean_requirements_on_remove if it was installed through DNF but not on explicit user request, i.e. it was pulled in as a dependency. The default is on.
debuglevel Debug messages output level, in the range 0 to 10. The higher the number the more debug output is put to stdout. Default is 2.
errorlevel Error messages output level, in the range 0 to 10. The higher the number the more error output is put to stderr. Default is 2. This is deprecated in DNF.
installonlypkgs List of provide names of packages that should only ever be installed, never upgraded. Kernels in particular fall into this category.
installonly_limit Number of installonly packages allowed to be installed concurrently. Defaults to 3.
metadata_expire The period after which the remote repository is checked for metadata update and in the positive case the local metadata cache is updated. The default is 48 hours.
metadata_timer_sync The minimal period between two consecutive makecache timer runs. The command will stop immediately if it's less than this time period since its last run. Does not affect simple makecache run. Use 0 to completely disable automatic metadata synchronizing. The default is 3 hours.
Varamu sätted
skip_if_unavailable If enabled, DNF will continue running if this repository cannot be contacted for any reason. The default is True.
cost The relative cost of accessing this repository, defaulting to 1000. If the same package can be downloaded from two or more repositories, the repository with the lowest cost is preferred.
Kokkuvõte
DNF on Linuxi operatsioonisüsteemi Fedora osa, mis aitab kaasa süsteemi paremale toimivusele. Programm on lihtsasti kasutatav ja üsna lihtsalt selgeks õpitav.
Kasutatud kirjandus
- DNF - http://linuxmanpages.net/manpages/fedora20/man8/dnf.8.html
- dnf.conf - http://linuxmanpages.net/manpages/fedora20/man8/dnf.conf.8.html
- Yellowdog Updater, Modified [1] - http://yum.baseurl.org/
- Fedora [2] - https://getfedora.org/
- RPM [3] - http://rpm.org/
- Libsolv [4]- https://github.com/openSUSE/libsolv
- Hawkey [5] - https://github.com/rpm-software-management/hawkey
- C[6] - http://www.programmingsimplified.com/c-program-examples
- Python API [7] - https://docs.python.org/2/c-api/
- Librepro [8] - https://github.com/tojaj/librepo
- Libcomps [9] - https://github.com/midnightercz/libcomps
- Yum.comps [10] - http://yum.baseurl.org/api/yum/yum/comps.html