BranchCache paigaldus ja seadistamine Windows Server operatsioonisüsteemis
Autor
Heiki Nooremäe AK41
Sissejuhatus
BranchCache™ on Windows® 7 ja Windows Server® 2008 R2 funktsioon, mille abil saab vähendada laivõrgu (WAN) koormust ja parandada võrgurakenduste kättesaadavust kui harukontori(te) töötajad tahavad juurde pääseda materjalidele peakontori serveris. BranchCache'i kasutamisel salvestatakse veebi- või failiserverist saadud sisu harukontori BranchCache serverisse või klientarvutisse. Kui teine klient samast harust soovib sama sisu, siis saab ta selle alla laadida juba kohalikust harukontori võrgust, pole vajadust laivõrku kasutada. Kuna laivõrk on sisevõrgust tunduvalt aeglasem, siis võimaldab see meetod aega kokku hoida.
Windows Server® 2008 R2 Core versioonid (Enterprise ja Datacenter) ei toeta Branchcache'i.
See referaat annab ülevaate BranchCache'i paigaldamisest ja seadistamisest Windows Server operatsioonisüsteemis.
BranchCache'i režiimid ja eeldused kasutamiseks
BranchCache'i saab seadistada töötama ühes järgnevaist režiimidest:
- Hosted
- Distributed
Hosted režiimi kasutatakse, kui harukontoris on üle 50 klientsüsteemi. Selle puhul hoitakse peakontorist alla laaditud faile kohalikus Branch Cache serveris.
Distributed režiim sobib siis kui harukontoris on alla 50 klientarvuti. Sel juhul ei ole seal BranchCache'i serverit. Selle asemel hoitakse faile kohalike klientarvutite kõvaketastel.
Distributed režiim kasutab salvestatud sisu klientidele jagamiseks multicast protokolli. Seepärast peab kõigil harukontori klientidel olema sama võrgu ID ehk kõik peavad olema samas multicast vahemikus. Talveunes või võrgust lahtiühendatud masinad ei saa puhverdatud sisu teistele kasutajatele edastada. Puhkerežiimis masinad võivad siiski üles ärgata kui nad puhverdatud sisu serveerivad, vähemalt nii on dokumentatsioonis kirjas.
Sama klienti ei saa seadistada kasutama nii Hosted kui Distributed režiimi.
Iga rakendus, mis kasutab Windows 7 sisseehitatud networking stacki, saab BranchCache'ist kasu kui ühendub BranchCache'i võimeliste serveritega SMB 2.0 või HTTP 1.1 kaudu. See tähendab, et Internet Explorer, Windows Explorer, Windows Media Player ja teised rakendused, mis klient OSi networking stacki külge ühenduvad, saavad seda kasutada. Rakendused, mis kasutavad omaenda HTTP 1.1. või SMB teenuseid, ei saa BranchCache'ist mingit kasu.
Paigaldamine
BranchCache'i paigaldamine sisuserverile
Sisuserver on masin, mis sisaldab kasutajatele jagatavaid faile või veebilehti. See masin asub peakontoris.
1. Ava oma sisuserveris Server Manager.
2. Avanenud akna vasakul paanil klõpsa valikut Features. Seejärel klõpsa konsooli paremas servas asuvat linki Add Features.
3. Add Features all tee linnuke valikukasti "BranchCache" ja klõpsa nupul Next.
4. In Confirm Installation Selections, click Install.
5. In Installation Results, Confirm that the Installation Succeeded. Click Close in the Add Features Wizard.
6. In the left pane of the console, expand Configuration and click Services.
7. In the middle pane, in Services, click BranchCache. Then click the Start Service button.
BranchCache'i teenus on määratud automaatselt käivituma, seega käivitub see ise pärast serveri taaskäivitust.
BranchCache'i võimelise failiserveri paigaldamine
1. Ava Server Manager and click Roles in the left pane. Click the Add Roles link on the right side of the console.
2. Click Next on the Before You Begin page.
3. On the Select Server Roles page, in the Roles list, put a checkmark in the File Services check box, and click Next.
4. On the File Services page, read the information and click Next.
5. On the Select Role Services page, in the Role services list, confirm that File Server is selected. Then put a checkmark in the BranchCache for network files check box, and then click Next.
6. On the Confirm Installation Selections page click Install.
7. Confirm the Installation succeeded and click Close.
Seadistamine
Create a BranchCache File Servers OU
The next step is to create a BranchCache File Servers OU. We do that so that we can use a GPO to enable hash publication for file servers. These hashes are part of the metadata that the content server sends to the client. So we will first create the File Servers OU, and then create a GPO for that OU that enables hash publication for those file servers.
Perform the following steps on the domain controller. 1. On the domain controller, open Active Directory Users and Computers. 2. In the Active Directory Users and Computers console, right-click branchcache.com to add the OU. Point to New, and then click Organizational Unit. The New Object – Organizational Unit dialog box opens. 3. In the New Object – Organizational Unit dialog box, in Name, type a name for the new OU. For example, if you want to name the OU BranchCache file servers, type BranchCache file servers, and then click OK.1
Move the File Server into the BranchCache File Servers OU
Now we need to move the file server into the OU.
Perform this step on the domain controller: 1. On the domain controller, open the Active Directory Users and Computers console. 2. In the Active Directory Users and Computers console, locate FILESERVER in the Computers container, left-click to select the account, and then drag and drop FILESERVER on the BranchCache file servers OU. Click Yes in the dialog box to confirm that you want to move FILESERVER to the new OU.
Create the BranchCache File Servers GPO
Now we have the BranchCache File Servers OU created and we have placed the FILESERVER computer into that OU. Now we will create a GPO for that OU so that we can publish the file hashes to support BranchCache.
Perform the following steps on the domain controller. 1. From the Administrative Tools menu, open the Group Policy Management console. 2. In the Group Policy Management console, expand the path to the BranchCache File Servers OU and then left click on the OU. 3. Right-click Group Policy Objects, and then click New. The New GPO dialog box opens. In Name, type a name for the new Group Policy object (GPO). In this example, we’ll name the object BranchCache Hash Publication. Click OK. 4. In the Group Policy Management console, right-click the BranchCache File Servers OU and then click Link an Existing GPO. In the Select GPO dialog box, in Group Policy objects, click the BranchCache hash publication GPO. Click OK.
Enable File Server BranchCache Hash Publication in the BranchCache Hash Publication GPO
With a GPO in place, we can now configure it to create the hashes needed to support BranchCache on the file server.
Perform the following steps on the domain controller. 1. In the Group Policy Management console, expand the path to the BranchCache hash publication GPO. 2. Right-click the BranchCache Hash Publication GPO and click Edit. 3. In the Group Policy Management Editor console, expand to: Computer Configuration | Policies, Administrative Templates | Network | Lanman Server. 4. Click Lanman Server. In the details pane, double-click Hash Publication for BranchCache. The Hash Publication for BranchCache dialog box opens. 5. In the Hash Publication for BranchCache dialog box, click Enabled. 6. Under Options, click Allow hash publication for all shared folder, and then click one of the following: a. To enable hash publication for all shared folders on this computer, click Allow hash publication for all shared folder. b. To enable hash publication only for shared folders for which BranchCache is enabled, click Allow hash publication only for shared folders on which BranchCache is enabled. c. To disallow hash publication for all shared folders on the computer even if BranchCache is enabled on the file shares, click Disallow hash publication on all shared folders. 7. In this example, we will select Allow publication for all shared folder [sic]. 8. Click OK.
We are almost there. Now that BranchCache is enabled and hash publication is being performed, we can enable BranchCache on a file share. In this example, we have created a share on the desktop called Shared Files, and Domain Users have permission to read the file.
Perform the following steps on File Server. 1. From the Administrative Tools menu, open the Share and Storage Management console. 2. In the middle pane, on the Shares tab, right-click the share, and then click Properties. The share’s Properties dialog box opens. 3. In the Properties dialog box, on the Sharing tab, click Advanced. 4. Click the Caching tab, confirm that Only the files and programs that users specify are available offline is enabled, and then put a checkmark in the Enable BranchCache checkbox. 5. Click OK twice to close the dialog boxes.
Kasutatud kirjandus
http://compnetworking.about.com/b/2009/05/18/what-is-windows-7-branchcache.htm
http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dd755969(WS.10).aspx
http://www.windowsnetworking.com/articles_tutorials/Introduction-BranchCache-Part1.html
http://www.windowsnetworking.com/articles_tutorials/Deploying-Hosted-Mode-BranchCache-Server-Part2.html
http://www.windowsnetworking.com/articles_tutorials/Deploying-Hosted-Mode-BranchCache-Server-Part3.html
