Veebiserverite tarkvara vordlus
Veebiserverite tarkvara võrdlus
Autor: Priit Pääsukene
Lühidalt veebiserveritest
Veebiserverid on protsessid, mis oskavad vastata HTTP ja HTTPS päringutele. Tavakasutaja poolt vaadatuna paistab veebiserveri töö välja sel viisil, et brauseri ekraanile kuvatakse ilus ja värviline veebileht. Surfates brauseriga internetis, tähendab pea iga hiireklõps, et sinu brauser saadab veebiserverile päringuid, veebiserver vastab neile, ning tulemuseks on järjekordne lehekülg internetti kasutaja brauseri ekraanil.
Veebiserverite kõige tavalisemaks ülesandeks on erinevate failide serveerimine. See on veebiserverite hingeelust aru saamiseks hädavajalik teadmine. Veebiserverid ei joonista pilte, ei kuva flash videoid ega raputa su brauseriakent. Veebiserveri ülesandeks on vastata päringule "GET /index.php/Main_Page" vastava HTML .
Lisaks oskavad tänapäevased veebiserverid lisaks failide serveerimisele käivitada ka erinevates keeltes (php, java, .net) kirjutatud programme, kontrollida, kas antud kasutajale on õigus seda faili serveerida jms.
Võrdluse metoodikast
Lisaks subjektiivsele serverite kirjeldusele jooksutan läbi ka väikese koormustesti erinevate veebiserverite vastu. Testi käigus jälgin serverite koormust ja mälukasutust. Testimiseks kasutana apache poolt loodud utiliiti "ab" ehk apache benchmark. Et testida veebiserverit koormatuse tingimustes kasutan ühe veebiserveri testimiseks vähemalt kahte klienti. Platvormiks on Linuxi distributsiooni Debian viimane versioon (lenny).
Jõudlustesti keskkond: [ klient1 ] <----- 1Gbit ethernet ------> [ server ] [ klient2 ]
Veebiserverid
Apache httpd 2.2
Paigaldus:
lähtekoodi, dokumentatsiooni ja palju muud huvitavat leiab aadressilt http://httpd.apache.org
lahtipakkimine:
cd /usr/src/ tar zxvf /root/httpd-2.2.15.tar.gz cd httpd-2.2.15
algne konfiguratsioon, kompileerimine, paigaldus: ise kompileerimiseks on vaja paljusid utiliite ja teeke. lisavõimaluste (php, geoip, ssl jms.) kompileerimiseks tuleb linux keskkonnas lisada -dev lõpuga pakke, näiteks libssl-dev. põhifunktsionaalsuse kompileerimiseks on vaja c komilaatorit gcc ja utiliiti make.
apt-get install gcc make ./configure make make install
vaikimisi installitakse veebiserver kataloogi /usr/local/apache2 konfiguratsioon asub failis /usr/local/apache2/conf/httpd.conf see konfiguratsioon serveerib apache dokumentatsiooni katalogist /usr/local/apache2/htdocs
Et kõik veebiserverid oleksid võrdses seisus, tekitan lihtsa kodulehekülje kausta /opt/www ja sellele vastava virtuaalse hosti:
<VirtualHost *:80>
DocumentRoot /opt/www/
<Directory /opt/www>
Allow from all
</Directory>
</VirtualHost>
Vaikimisi on kasutab apache prefork moodulit. See tähendab, et iga sissetuleva ühenduse kohta tekitatakse protsess. Jõudluse suurendamiseks suurendan maksimaalset kliente teenindavate protsesside arvu 200 paralleelse ühenduseni:
MaxClients 200
Apache Tomcat 6.0
Apache tomcat on java-s kirjutatud veebirakenduste server. Tema jooksutamiseks peab olema masinasse installeeritud java. Debiani all saab java interpretaatori pakist sun-java-jre6. Tomcat ei ole klassikaline veebiserver. Lisaks failide serveerimisele kasutatakse teda java rakenduste serveerimisel. Tegemist on applikatsiooniserveriga. Mõistlik on tomcati ette ühendusi puhverdama panna mõni muu veebiserver, näiteks httpd või nginx. Tark on ka lubada applikatsiooniserveri vastuste puhverdamine.
Tomcati installeerimiseks ja käivitamiseks on vaja lihtsalt tomcat lahti pakkida ja käivitada. Täsemad konfiguratsioonid asuvad .xml failidena kataloogis conf/. Mõistlik on tomcati jooksutamiseks tekitada eraldi kasutaja. mina valisin selleks kasutajaks "java". Kui seadistustes kõik muutmata jätta, kuulab tomcat pordis 8080.
Käsud, mis viivad tomcati käivitamiseni vaikekonfiguratsiooniga:
useradd -m java su - java tar zxvf apache-tomcat-6.0.26.tar.gz cd apache-tomcat-6.0.26 rm -r webapps/ROOT ln -s /opt/www webapps/ROOT bin/startup.sh
Nginx
Nginx on väike, järjest suuremat populaarsust võitev veebiserver, mille saab alla laadida aadressilt http://www.nginx.org/ dokumentatsioon ja koodinäidised asuvad aadressil http://wiki.nginx.org
algseadistamine ja kompileerimine:
Vaikimisi tahetakse kompileerimisel regulaaravaldiste teeki ja räside arvutamiseks openssl teeki. debiani all saab need pakkidest libpcre3-dev ja libssl-dev . Lisaks on vajalik ka gcc ja make olemasolu.
käsud:
tar zxvf nginx-0.7.65.tar.gz cd nginx-0.7.65 ./configure make make install
Vaikimisi installeeritakse veebiserver kausta /usr/local/nginx konfiguratsioon asub failis /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
konfiguratsioonimuudatused:
user www;
worker_processes 10;
server {
listen 83;
location / {
root /opt/www;
index index.html index.htm;
}
}
veebiserveri käivitamine:
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
Lighttpd
vaikimisi kompileerumiseks vajas lighthttpd pakki libbz2-dev. käsud:
tar zxvf lighttpd-1.4.26.tgz cd lighttpd-1.4.26 ./configure make make install
vaikimisi installeerus lighthttpd binaar /usr/sbin/ kataloogi käivitumiseks tuli käsitsi tekitada käivitusskript ja konfifailid. Lighthttpd veebilehel olev dokumentatsioon pakkus töötavaid näiteid.
sed -e 's/FOO/lighttpd/g' doc/rc.lighttpd > /etc/init.d/lighttpd chmod a+rx /etc/init.d/lighttpd install -Dp ./doc/lighttpd.conf /etc/lighttpd/lighttpd.conf # update-rc.d lighttpd defaults mkdir /var/log/lighthttpd chown www /var/log/lighthttpd
muudatused vaikimisi konfiguratsioonis -
server.document-root = "/opt/www/" server.port = 84 server.username = "www"
Koormustest
Testimiseks kasutan utiliiti ab (apache benchmark) mis tuleb kaasa apache httpd veebiserveriga. koormustesti tegemiseks kasutan fäikest, suurt ja keskmist faili - 1b, 500kb ja 10Mb.
testin ka erinevate koormustega - 5, 100 ja 500 paralleelset ühendust.
Testi tulemused
5 paralleelset ühendust, väike fail:
httpd:
Concurrency Level: 5
Time taken for tests: 9.823 seconds
Complete requests: 50000
Failed requests: 0
Write errors: 0
Total transferred: 12450249 bytes
HTML transferred: 100002 bytes
Requests per second: 5090.12 [#/sec] (mean)
Time per request: 0.982 [ms] (mean)
Time per request: 0.196 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests)
Transfer rate: 1237.76 [Kbytes/sec] received
Connection Times (ms)
min mean[+/-sd] median max
Total: 0 1 0.6 1 42
load average: 0.1
tomcat
Concurrency Level: 5 Time taken for tests: 10.274 seconds Complete requests: 50000 Failed requests: 0 Write errors: 0 Total transferred: 12150243 bytes HTML transferred: 100002 bytes Requests per second: 4866.63 [#/sec] (mean) Time per request: 1.027 [ms] (mean) Time per request: 0.205 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests) Transfer rate: 1154.90 [Kbytes/sec] received Total: 0 1 2.8 1 269 Load average: 0.15
nginx
Concurrency Level: 5 Time taken for tests: 9.945 seconds Complete requests: 50000 Failed requests: 0 Write errors: 0 Total transferred: 10550000 bytes HTML transferred: 100000 bytes Requests per second: 5027.52 [#/sec] (mean) Time per request: 0.995 [ms] (mean) Time per request: 0.199 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests) Transfer rate: 1035.94 [Kbytes/sec] received Total: 0 1 0.2 1 8 Load average: 0.15
lighttpd
Concurrency Level: 5 Time taken for tests: 1.696 seconds Complete requests: 10000 Failed requests: 0 Write errors: 0 Total transferred: 2340000 bytes HTML transferred: 20000 bytes Requests per second: 5894.75 [#/sec] (mean) Time per request: 0.848 [ms] (mean) Time per request: 0.170 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests) Transfer rate: 1347.04 [Kbytes/sec] received Total: 0 1 0.2 1 4 Load avg: 0.15
50 paralleelset ühendust, väike fail
httpd:
Concurrency Level: 50 Time taken for tests: 2.923 seconds Complete requests: 50000 Failed requests: 0 Write errors: 0 Total transferred: 12450000 bytes HTML transferred: 100000 bytes Requests per second: 17104.57 [#/sec] (mean) Time per request: 2.923 [ms] (mean) Time per request: 0.058 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests) Transfer rate: 4159.22 [Kbytes/sec] received Total: 2 3 0.6 3 21 load average: 0.5
tomcat
Concurrency Level: 50 Time taken for tests: 4.395 seconds Complete requests: 50000 Failed requests: 0 Write errors: 0 Total transferred: 12150486 bytes HTML transferred: 100004 bytes Requests per second: 11376.29 [#/sec] (mean) Time per request: 4.395 [ms] (mean) Time per request: 0.088 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests) Transfer rate: 2699.75 [Kbytes/sec] received Total: 2 4 4.8 4 109 Load average: 1.38
nginx
Concurrency Level: 50 Time taken for tests: 4.125 seconds Complete requests: 50000 Failed requests: 0 Write errors: 0 Total transferred: 10551477 bytes HTML transferred: 100014 bytes Requests per second: 12119.90 [#/sec] (mean) Time per request: 4.125 [ms] (mean) Time per request: 0.083 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests) Transfer rate: 2497.71 [Kbytes/sec] received Total: 2 4 1.2 4 137 Load average: 0.20
lighttpd
Concurrency Level: 50 Time taken for tests: 0.807 seconds Complete requests: 10000 Failed requests: 0 Write errors: 0 Total transferred: 2340000 bytes HTML transferred: 20000 bytes Requests per second: 12389.67 [#/sec] (mean) Time per request: 4.036 [ms] (mean) Time per request: 0.081 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests) Transfer rate: 2831.23 [Kbytes/sec] received Total: 1 4 1.0 4 14 Load avg: 0.13
500 paralleelset ühendust, väike fail:
httpd
Concurrency Level: 500 Time taken for tests: 36.292 seconds Complete requests: 500000 Failed requests: 0 Write errors: 0 Total transferred: 124527888 bytes HTML transferred: 1000224 bytes Requests per second: 13777.05 [#/sec] (mean) Time per request: 36.292 [ms] (mean) Time per request: 0.073 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests) Transfer rate: 3350.83 [Kbytes/sec] received Total: 10 36 180.6 22 9030 load average: 5.6
tomcat
Concurrency Level: 500 Time taken for tests: 4.769 seconds Complete requests: 50000 Failed requests: 0 Write errors: 0 Total transferred: 12194226 bytes HTML transferred: 100364 bytes Requests per second: 10483.95 [#/sec] (mean) Time per request: 47.692 [ms] (mean) Time per request: 0.095 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests) Transfer rate: 2496.95 [Kbytes/sec] received Total: 1 39 265.6 9 3080 Load average: 0.66
nginx
Concurrency Level: 500 Time taken for tests: 5.298 seconds Complete requests: 50000 Failed requests: 0 Write errors: 0 Total transferred: 10550422 bytes HTML transferred: 100004 bytes Requests per second: 9437.40 [#/sec] (mean) Time per request: 52.981 [ms] (mean) Time per request: 0.106 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests) Transfer rate: 1944.70 [Kbytes/sec] received Total: 9 41 193.9 25 3639 Load average: 0.17
lighttpd
Concurrency Level: 500 Time taken for tests: 0.774 seconds Complete requests: 10000 Failed requests: 0 Write errors: 0 Total transferred: 2383992 bytes HTML transferred: 20376 bytes Requests per second: 12923.12 [#/sec] (mean) Time per request: 38.690 [ms] (mean) Time per request: 0.077 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests) Transfer rate: 3008.65 [Kbytes/sec] received Total: 21 38 3.1 37 48 Load avg: 0.09
5 paralleelset ühendust, keskmine fail (28 kilobaiti)
httpd
Concurrency Level: 5 Time taken for tests: 30.519 seconds Complete requests: 50000 Failed requests: 0 Write errors: 0 Total transferred: 1332700000 bytes HTML transferred: 1320000000 bytes Requests per second: 1638.31 [#/sec] (mean) Time per request: 3.052 [ms] (mean) Time per request: 0.610 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests) Transfer rate: 42644.10 [Kbytes/sec] received Total: 2 3 0.7 3 40 load average: 0.8
tomcat
Concurrency Level: 5 Time taken for tests: 31.580 seconds Complete requests: 50000 Failed requests: 0 Write errors: 0 Total transferred: 1332458688 bytes HTML transferred: 1320008439 bytes Requests per second: 1583.27 [#/sec] (mean) Time per request: 3.158 [ms] (mean) Time per request: 0.632 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests) Transfer rate: 41204.07 [Kbytes/sec] received Total: 2 3 3.3 3 314 Load average: 0.21
nginx
Concurrency Level: 5 Time taken for tests: 30.879 seconds Complete requests: 50000 Failed requests: 0 Write errors: 0 Total transferred: 1330650000 bytes HTML transferred: 1320000000 bytes Requests per second: 1619.20 [#/sec] (mean) Time per request: 3.088 [ms] (mean) Time per request: 0.618 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests) Transfer rate: 42081.87 [Kbytes/sec] received Total: 2 3 0.4 3 17 Load avg: 0.19
lighttpd
Concurrency Level: 5 Time taken for tests: 5.736 seconds Complete requests: 10000 Failed requests: 0 Write errors: 0 Total transferred: 266360000 bytes HTML transferred: 264000000 bytes Requests per second: 1743.40 [#/sec] (mean) Time per request: 2.868 [ms] (mean) Time per request: 0.574 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests) Transfer rate: 45348.79 [Kbytes/sec] received Total: 2 3 0.3 3 6 Load avg: 0.10
50 paralleelset ühendust, keskmine fail
httpd
Concurrency Level: 50 Time taken for tests: 26.712 seconds Complete requests: 50000 Failed requests: 0 Write errors: 0 Total transferred: 1332755024 bytes HTML transferred: 1320054262 bytes Requests per second: 1871.80 [#/sec] (mean) Time per request: 26.712 [ms] (mean) Time per request: 0.534 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests) Transfer rate: 48723.66 [Kbytes/sec] received Total: 2 26 229.8 6 4128 Load average: 0.55
tomcat
Concurrency Level: 50 Time taken for tests: 28.815 seconds Complete requests: 50000 Failed requests: 0 Write errors: 0 Total transferred: 1332476064 bytes HTML transferred: 1320025566 bytes Requests per second: 1735.21 [#/sec] (mean) Time per request: 28.815 [ms] (mean) Time per request: 0.576 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests) Transfer rate: 45158.72 [Kbytes/sec] received Total: 2 28 245.9 6 5018 Load Average: 0.52
nginx
Concurrency Level: 50 Time taken for tests: 27.863 seconds Complete requests: 50000 Failed requests: 0 Write errors: 0 Total transferred: 1330725935 bytes HTML transferred: 1320075296 bytes Requests per second: 1794.50 [#/sec] (mean) Time per request: 27.863 [ms] (mean) Time per request: 0.557 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests) Transfer rate: 46640.41 [Kbytes/sec] received Total: 2 27 238.4 6 3214 Load avg: 0.30
lighttpd
Concurrency Level: 50 Time taken for tests: 4.156 seconds Complete requests: 10000 Failed requests: 0 Write errors: 0 Total transferred: 266518100 bytes HTML transferred: 264156684 bytes Requests per second: 2406.26 [#/sec] (mean) Time per request: 20.779 [ms] (mean) Time per request: 0.416 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests) Transfer rate: 62628.00 [Kbytes/sec] received Total: 2 18 182.6 6 3010 Load avg: 0.15
500 paralleelset ühendust, keskmine fail
httpd
Concurrency Level: 500 Time taken for tests: 40.266 seconds Complete requests: 50000 Failed requests: 0 Write errors: 0 Total transferred: 1332924762 bytes HTML transferred: 1320222476 bytes Requests per second: 1241.74 [#/sec] (mean) Time per request: 402.660 [ms] (mean) Time per request: 0.805 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests) Transfer rate: 32327.12 [Kbytes/sec] received Total: 2 359 1667.7 8 26764 load average: 0.2
tomcat
Concurrency Level: 500 Time taken for tests: 23.828 seconds Complete requests: 50000 Failed requests: 0 Write errors: 0 Total transferred: 1332533984 bytes HTML transferred: 1320082988 bytes Requests per second: 2098.40 [#/sec] (mean) Time per request: 238.277 [ms] (mean) Time per request: 0.477 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests) Transfer rate: 54612.97 [Kbytes/sec] received Total: 1 86 567.8 6 13859 Load average: 1.12
nginx
Concurrency Level: 500 Time taken for tests: 28.148 seconds Complete requests: 50000 Failed requests: 0 Write errors: 0 Total transferred: 1330920223 bytes HTML transferred: 1320267880 bytes Requests per second: 1776.33 [#/sec] (mean) Time per request: 281.479 [ms] (mean) Time per request: 0.563 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests) Transfer rate: 46174.92 [Kbytes/sec] received Total: 1 216 779.2 7 21007 Load avg: 0.32
lighttpd
Concurrency Level: 500 Time taken for tests: 5.377 seconds Complete requests: 10000 Failed requests: 0 Write errors: 0 Total transferred: 266462808 bytes HTML transferred: 264101864 bytes Requests per second: 1859.79 [#/sec] (mean) Time per request: 268.848 [ms] (mean) Time per request: 0.538 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests) Transfer rate: 48394.98 [Kbytes/sec] received Total: 2 185 690.2 7 4916 Load avg: 0.11
50 paralleelset ühendust, suur fail (10Mb)
httpd
Concurrency Level: 50 Time taken for tests: 21.793 seconds Complete requests: 100 Failed requests: 0 Write errors: 0 Total transferred: 1108065520 bytes HTML transferred: 1108035654 bytes Requests per second: 4.59 [#/sec] (mean) Time per request: 10896.638 [ms] (mean) Time per request: 217.933 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests) Transfer rate: 49652.71 [Kbytes/sec] received Total: 208 9541 5294.6 9858 20593 load average: 0.0
tomcat
Concurrency Level: 50 Time taken for tests: 21.006 seconds Complete requests: 100 Failed requests: 0 Write errors: 0 Total transferred: 1142674328 bytes HTML transferred: 1142643818 bytes Requests per second: 4.76 [#/sec] (mean) Time per request: 10502.895 [ms] (mean) Time per request: 210.058 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests) Transfer rate: 53123.11 [Kbytes/sec] received Total: 3372 7963 2031.2 8257 14881 Load 0.21
nginx
Concurrency Level: 50 Time taken for tests: 20.229 seconds Complete requests: 100 Failed requests: 0 Write errors: 0 Total transferred: 1079869584 bytes HTML transferred: 1079845560 bytes Requests per second: 4.94 [#/sec] (mean) Time per request: 10114.699 [ms] (mean) Time per request: 202.294 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests) Transfer rate: 52130.08 [Kbytes/sec] received Total: 4791 8610 2151.8 8533 14057 Load avg: 0.10
nginx
