SSH Encryption: Difference between revisions
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To understand how communications are encrypted in SSH we first need to understand some basic terms and concepts. The difference between asymmetric and symmetric cryptography is a good place to start. | To understand how communications are encrypted in SSH we first need to understand some basic terms and concepts. The difference between asymmetric and symmetric cryptography is a good place to start. | ||
===Symmetric vs Asymmetric=== | ===Symmetric vs Asymmetric=== | ||
Symmetric cryptography is something probably most people are and have been familiar since their youth. An example: The alphabet has 26 characters and we assign each position a number (a='1', b='2' etc.), then we proceed to "shift" or "rotate" each character for n steps down this sequence. If we take n=1 for example, so that each letter gets "bumped up" one value, effectively taking the place of the character that was there before. This gives: z='1', a='2', b='3' etc). This algorithm is called ROTn where n would be the number of steps to rotate the characters and simultaneously both the key to encrypt and to decrypt the message (hence the name 'symmetric'). An example message would be "Hello World", which we would encrypt with ROT13 to "Uryyb Jbeyq" and could decrypt with the same key back to "Hello World". Just as many people have experimented with this algorithm to encrypt messages during childhood, almost all people discover quite quickly how easy it is to break such encryption. Of course many more complicated versions exist <ref>[https://www.math.cornell.edu/~mec/2003-2004/cryptography/polyalpha/polyalpha.html] Polyalphabetic Ciphers and how to crack them</ref> which are not as easily solved by hand but suffer the same underlying weaknesses as this simplified algorithm does and can get cracked quite easily with modern computing power using methods like frequency analysis.<ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptanalysis_of_the_Enigma#World_War_II] Famous cracking of the Nazi Enigma Code | Symmetric cryptography is something probably most people are and have been familiar since their youth. An example: The alphabet has 26 characters and we assign each position a number (a='1', b='2' etc.), then we proceed to "shift" or "rotate" each character for n steps down this sequence. If we take n=1 for example, so that each letter gets "bumped up" one value, effectively taking the place of the character that was there before. This gives: z='1', a='2', b='3' etc). This algorithm is called ROTn where n would be the number of steps to rotate the characters and simultaneously both the key to encrypt and to decrypt the message (hence the name 'symmetric'). An example message would be "Hello World", which we would encrypt with ROT13 to "Uryyb Jbeyq" and could decrypt with the same key back to "Hello World". Just as many people have experimented with this algorithm to encrypt messages during childhood, almost all people discover quite quickly how easy it is to break such encryption. Of course many more complicated versions exist <ref>[https://www.math.cornell.edu/~mec/2003-2004/cryptography/polyalpha/polyalpha.html] Polyalphabetic Ciphers and how to crack them</ref> which are not as easily solved by hand but suffer the same underlying weaknesses as this simplified algorithm does and can get cracked quite easily with modern computing power using methods like frequency analysis.<ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptanalysis_of_the_Enigma#World_War_II] Famous cracking of the Nazi Enigma Code due to repeated stereotypical messages</ref> | ||
The stress here is on keeping the key a secret. | The stress here is on keeping the key a secret. | ||
Revision as of 12:50, 22 February 2017
Secure Shell (SSH) is a cryptographic network protocol meant to secure communications over an insecure connection between network devices. One of the ways SSH does this is by using a hybrid approach between asymmetric public/private key- and symmetric cryptography. SSH is most commonly used as a means for secure remote login and command execution, often in the context of a client-server interaction, but is also often used for authentication and in file transfers protocols (SFTP / SCP).
This article will discuss and explore, among other things, the possible ways of creating SSH-keys, the underlying methods of encryption and some general best practices concerning interactions with servers and ssh key management. It is therefore complementary to the article: "SSH for beginners"
Introduction
To understand how communications are encrypted in SSH we first need to understand some basic terms and concepts. The difference between asymmetric and symmetric cryptography is a good place to start.
Symmetric vs Asymmetric
Symmetric cryptography is something probably most people are and have been familiar since their youth. An example: The alphabet has 26 characters and we assign each position a number (a='1', b='2' etc.), then we proceed to "shift" or "rotate" each character for n steps down this sequence. If we take n=1 for example, so that each letter gets "bumped up" one value, effectively taking the place of the character that was there before. This gives: z='1', a='2', b='3' etc). This algorithm is called ROTn where n would be the number of steps to rotate the characters and simultaneously both the key to encrypt and to decrypt the message (hence the name 'symmetric'). An example message would be "Hello World", which we would encrypt with ROT13 to "Uryyb Jbeyq" and could decrypt with the same key back to "Hello World". Just as many people have experimented with this algorithm to encrypt messages during childhood, almost all people discover quite quickly how easy it is to break such encryption. Of course many more complicated versions exist [1] which are not as easily solved by hand but suffer the same underlying weaknesses as this simplified algorithm does and can get cracked quite easily with modern computing power using methods like frequency analysis.[2]
The stress here is on keeping the key a secret.
RSA vs EdDSA
Server Side
See Also
References
External Links
Other Details
Author: Frank Korving
Last Modified: 21.02.2017
