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= Abstract =
= Abstract =
   
   
This article will be concerning about one of the common hacking methods in recent decades or even nowadays it is still being used by attackers. Its named Local Attack, this name is not the international official name for it. It was called by many Vietnamese Hackers, by somehow I realized it's quite good to describe partly of this attack method, so I'd like to take this name to be " our speaking" at least in this article. "This name is not available in google if you type by English "
This article will be concerned about one of the common hacking methods in recent decades or even nowadays it is still being used by attackers. Its named Local Attack, this name is not the international official name for it. It was called by many Vietnamese Hackers, by somehow I realized it's quite good to describe partly of this attack method, so I'd like to take this name to be " our speaking" at least in this article. "This name is not available in google if you type by English "    
 
 
I will illustrate the definition of Local Attack as well as the difficulties we will be suffered when we apply it beside its powerful. I will be talking detail step by step belongs with the certain knowledge what we need to know basically to do much straightforwardly and more understand its purpose. The knowledge requirement will be not hard to stop you getting the most powerful of hacking such as Web App, Linux command lines, Networking, etc.
 
Because of the security of our website and server, I will not show the php shell link in this article. I apologize for this inconvenient. 


I will illustrate the definition of Local Attack as well as the difficult we will be suffered in during the time using it beside its powerful. I will be talking detail step by step belongs with the certain knowledge what we need to know basically to do much straightforwardly and more understand its purpose. The knowledge requirement will be not hard to stop you getting the most powerful of hacking such as Web App, Linux command lines, Networking, etc.


Keywords : ''Hacking, Local attack ,Linux , Web App.''
Keywords : ''Hacking, Local attack ,Linux , Web App.''
Line 13: Line 17:
==What is Local Attack?==
==What is Local Attack?==


In generally, once we host the website to server, after that the user will be provided an " user account" and the directory/folder to mange their website. For instance, the user 1 has a website "A" and one directory/folder : /home/user1 to manage user 1. Similarly, the user 2 has a website "B" and one directory/folder /home/user2 to manage.
In generally, once we host the website to server, after that the user will be provided an " user account" and the directory/folder to mange their website. For instance, the first user has a website "A" and one directory/folder : /home/user1 to manage first user Similarly, the second user has a website "B" and one directory/folder /home/user2 to manage.


Local attack is the the method which is applied to hack a website in the same server. For example, I want to attack website "A" from user 1, but unfortunately I could not find out the vulnerabilities to exploit and get an lien from it, that means I have no way to attack based on this site "A". So, I will look for the websites which are being on the same server  with "A", could be website "B" or "C".
Local attack is the method which is applied to hack a website in the same server. For example, I want to attack website "A" from user 1, but unfortunately I could not find out the vulnerabilities to exploit and get an lien from it that means I have no way to attack based on this site "A". So, I will look for the websites which are being on the same server  with "A", could be website "B" or "C".


Based on site "B" or "C", the both of them are getting some vulnerabilities or another words is " hackable ". After getting the authorities on those site "B" or "C", I will upload the php file named " Shell " to the server of "B" or "C" it's also the server of website "A". The hacking process is starting from now.....
Based on site "B" or "C" both of them are getting some vulnerabilities or another words is " hackable ". After getting the authorities on these site "B" or "C", I will upload the php file named " Shell " to the server of "B" or "C" it's also the server of website "A". The hacking process is starting from now.....


                                           [[File:Local1.png]]
                                           [[File:Local1.png]]
Line 31: Line 35:
'''Cons:'''  
'''Cons:'''  
       *Leave the " mark ", The administrator would be able to find where the shell comes from.
       *Leave the " mark ", The administrator would be able to find where the shell comes from.
       *The websites are using separate server does not help much.
       *If the websites are using separate server, Local Attack will be gotten some certain difficult.


=What we need to know?=
=What we need to know?=
Line 72: Line 76:


In this tutorial, I will use the shell php named: '''Shell r57 or c99'''. You can download it on google
In this tutorial, I will use the shell php named: '''Shell r57 or c99'''. You can download it on google
See more here:
-http://linuxcommand.org/lts0010.php
-http://linuxcommand.org/learning_the_shell.php


''*I recommend you use those shells or download it in virtual machines .''
''*I recommend you use those shells or download it in virtual machines .''
Line 93: Line 103:
The command line to get the user:
The command line to get the user:


  Cat /etc/passwd
  cat /etc/passwd


Some cases, If the above command line does not show the user list, we could try this:
Some cases, If the above command line does not show the user list, we could try this:
Line 101: Line 111:
If the server ban to cat the passwd, use could use these command lines:
If the server ban to cat the passwd, use could use these command lines:


  Less /etc/passwd
  less /etc/passwd
  ./cat/etc/passwd
  ./cat/etc/passwd
More /etc/passwd
Or in some of the shell are common now which have the get user function available on there, U just need to click and view it out.


==Find the path file config.php==
==Find the path file config.php==
Line 131: Line 138:


==Get the information from config file==
==Get the information from config file==
''This is the important part of Local attack''
''This is the most difficult step of the method''


===The basic command lines using for Local Attack===
===The basic command lines using for Local Attack===
Line 151: Line 158:




For example, to navigate to the folder soleil "
For example, to navigate to the folder  


   cd / home / lphanvan/ public_html / @ender/ includes / itcollege
   cd / home / lphanvan/ public_html / @ender/ includes / itcollege
Line 157: Line 164:
   cd ~: Go to Facebook's home directory
   cd ~: Go to Facebook's home directory


  cd -: Back both working directory
  cd ..: Go to next folder outside working directory




Line 181: Line 185:
   tar -zcvf enderhacked.tar.gz soleil (Compressed file folder enderhacked.tar.gz ender)
   tar -zcvf enderhacked.tar.gz soleil (Compressed file folder enderhacked.tar.gz ender)


   Tar -zxvf enderhacked.tar.gz (unzip files enderhacked.tar.gz)
   tar -zxvf enderhacked.tar.gz (unzip files enderhacked.tar.gz)


  r -9 enderhacked.zip ender Zip (file compression directory enderhacked.zip soleil)
See more here: http://linuxcommand.org/lts0070.php
 
  p enderhacked.zip zip (Unzip file enderhacked.tar.gz)


===Some techniques to get useful information from config.php===
===Some techniques to get useful information from config.php===
Line 198: Line 200:


2-Using Symbolic links - Referred to as symlink
2-Using Symbolic links - Referred to as symlink


Symbolic links are basic techniques, and almost as important that the majority of the first attaker think before doing work local attack.   
Symbolic links are basic techniques, and almost as important that the majority of the first attaker think before doing work local attack.   


   Ln -s "/ home / lphanvan/ public_html / @ ender/ includes /config.php% itcollege.ini "
   ln -s "/ home / lphanvan/ public_html / @ ender/ includes /config.php% itcollege.ini "


It can be understood simply create one file on the host itcollege.ini with identical content lphanvan config.php file on the server with the user's path  
It can be understood simply create one file on the host itcollege.ini with identical content lphanvan config.php file on the server with the user's path  
Line 208: Line 211:




==Crack and Change the admins password !!!!==


In this case the admin's password does not be encoded by hash, so you do not need to crack it. But in some case admin will not show the content of file.
''You can read more detail here: http://linuxcommand.org/learning_the_shell.php''


Congratulation, You have got the admin and password to login to database of the server.
==Cracking and Changing the admin's password !!!!==
 
In this case the admin's password does not be encoded by hash, so you do not need to crack it. In many cases, the content would not be showed and the password will be in hash.
 
You have gotten the admin account and password as the picture below by using command line.
 
  cat /etc/home/lphanvan/public_html/config.php


                                                      
                                                      
                                                     [[File:Pass.png]]
                                                     [[File:Pass.png]]
                                                                          Figure 2: See the content of config.php " cat /etc/home/lphanvan/public_html/config.php "


                                                                         Figure 2: See the content of config.php " cat /etc/home/lphanvan/public_html/config.php "
                                                                          
 
                                                                  
                                                                  


Now, let's logging to database of server
Now, let's login to database of website


                                                     [[File:Dtb.png]]
                                                     [[File:Dtb.png]]
                                                                                        Figure 3: Login to database via shell
=How to avoid Local Attack?=
In my opinions, Local attack is one of dangerous attacking methods I have used so far. Below are my experiences to avoid the Local attack:
- Should not use the source code when we do not know where it comes from, malicious code might be attached.
- Checking the update of source codes as well as server to fix vulnerability frequently.
- Change the password to be stronger and hard to brute force.
- Set chmod 400 for sensitive files and 101 for folders.


                                                                        Figure 3: Logging to database via shell
- Use VPS instead of using host to avoid local attack.
 
- Data back up and scan the data to realize it's having malicious code or not. 
 
 
These are my experiences to avoid Local Attack. Surely, It might not a perfect way to avoid, but at least it could help us to reduce the risk.


=References=
=References=
'''English Websites'''


''http://linuxcommand.org/lts0010.php''
''http://linuxcommand.org/lts0010.php''
=Conclusion=


As what I wrote above are an outline of the Local Attack method which attackers can use their php shell to exploit not even one website it could be all of websites are standing in a same server. In which the attack can execute the command line to your server to find out the authentication of your database or host. Get Root access is possible if the Linux server are not being updated.
''http://linuxcommand.org/learning_the_shell.php''
 
''http://linuxcommand.org/lts0070.php''
 
'''Vietnamese Websites'''
 
''http://kechocgian.blogspot.com.ee/2013/08/huong-dan-tong-hop-chi-tiet-co-ban-nhat.html''
 
''http://namcoder.com/hack-local-attack-va-cach-phong-tranh/''
 
''http://duyk.net/topic/20-Huong-dan-local-attack-voi-mot-so-phuong-phap-co-ban''
 
'''Video'''
 
''https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RcusKpvKR_w''
 
=See more=
You might want to see more:
 
'''https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FjgKtBAiLKQ'''
 
'''https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6hJ-d2NYLBg'''
 
'''https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HpY6JxIzs1g'''


Below are my experiences to avoid Local Attack.
=Conclusion=


- Do not you the souce
As what I wrote above are an outline of the Local Attack method which attackers can use their php shell to exploit not even one website it could be all of websites are standing in a same server. In which the attack can execute the command line to your server to find out the password of your database or host. Get Root access is possible if the Linux server are not being updated. Those steps above might not be used successfully in some cases, because it depends on the configuration of administrator and the version of server is setting up.


=Contact=
=Contact=
Line 256: Line 306:


[['''''!!! This article is served for education purpose only, I will not responsibility for any harm made by other ones !!!''''']]
[['''''!!! This article is served for education purpose only, I will not responsibility for any harm made by other ones !!!''''']]
[[Category:Operatsioonisüsteemide administreerimine ja sidumine]]

Latest revision as of 23:43, 29 January 2017

Abstract

This article will be concerned about one of the common hacking methods in recent decades or even nowadays it is still being used by attackers. Its named Local Attack, this name is not the international official name for it. It was called by many Vietnamese Hackers, by somehow I realized it's quite good to describe partly of this attack method, so I'd like to take this name to be " our speaking" at least in this article. "This name is not available in google if you type by English "


I will illustrate the definition of Local Attack as well as the difficulties we will be suffered when we apply it beside its powerful. I will be talking detail step by step belongs with the certain knowledge what we need to know basically to do much straightforwardly and more understand its purpose. The knowledge requirement will be not hard to stop you getting the most powerful of hacking such as Web App, Linux command lines, Networking, etc.

Because of the security of our website and server, I will not show the php shell link in this article. I apologize for this inconvenient.


Keywords : Hacking, Local attack ,Linux , Web App.

'''''!!! This article is served for education purpose only, I will not responsibility for any harm made by other ones !!!'''''

Local Attack Introduction

What is Local Attack?

In generally, once we host the website to server, after that the user will be provided an " user account" and the directory/folder to mange their website. For instance, the first user has a website "A" and one directory/folder : /home/user1 to manage first user Similarly, the second user has a website "B" and one directory/folder /home/user2 to manage.

Local attack is the method which is applied to hack a website in the same server. For example, I want to attack website "A" from user 1, but unfortunately I could not find out the vulnerabilities to exploit and get an lien from it that means I have no way to attack based on this site "A". So, I will look for the websites which are being on the same server with "A", could be website "B" or "C".

Based on site "B" or "C" both of them are getting some vulnerabilities or another words is " hackable ". After getting the authorities on these site "B" or "C", I will upload the php file named " Shell " to the server of "B" or "C" it's also the server of website "A". The hacking process is starting from now..... 

                                          

                                                                    Firgure 1: Php shell was uploaded to host of the website.

Pros and Cons of Local Attack

Pros: 

     *Does not take a lot of time.
     *Easy to interact with the server via shell and exploit it.

Cons: 

     *Leave the " mark ", The administrator would be able to find where the shell comes from.
     *If the websites are using separate server, Local Attack will be gotten some certain difficult.

What we need to know?

Host and Shared-Host

Normally for web site, its data must be stored on one server (server) is always active and connected to the internet. Storage space on the server used to store the data of the website is called the host. For a number of agencies and organizations, the hired one server for data storage is not practical website. Due to their needs is simply stored, further 1 server rental price is not cheap. Therefore, shared hosting is a reasonable choice. With shared hosting, server memory space is divided into many small hosts, and are separate from each rental. So on one server will contain data for multiple websites, and there is also a source of security for developing local attack.

Operating System and Decentralized system

The Operating system of the server must be Linux

Unlike Windows, Linux operating system has a decentralized system is complicated and strict. Linux supports three permissions to do with files :


r: read access (read)

w: right to record (write)

x: right to execute (execute)

-: not allowed


These rights are assigned to three subjects:


u: owner (owner)

g: group ownership (group)

o: the ordinary users (other)


You can read more here: http://linuxcommand.org/lts0070.php

Shell

Simply put, the shell is a program that takes your commands from the keyboard and gives them to the operating system to perform. In the old days, it was the only user interface available on a Unix computer. Nowadays, we have graphical user interfaces (GUIs) in addition to command line interfaces (CLIs) such as the shell.

On most Linux systems a program called bash (which stands for Bourne Again SHell, an enhanced version of the original Bourne shell program, sh, written by Steve Bourne) acts as the shell program. There are several additional shell programs available on a typical Linux system. These include: ksh, tcsh and zsh.

In this tutorial, I will use the shell php named: Shell r57 or c99. You can download it on google

See more here:

-http://linuxcommand.org/lts0010.php

-http://linuxcommand.org/learning_the_shell.php

*I recommend you use those shells or download it in virtual machines .

How to do Local attack step by step ?

1. View the list of user in server

2. Find the config.php file

3. Get the login information to database

4. Crack and change the password of admin

5. Login and upload the shell

View the list of user in server

If we want to local attack a website as I mentioned before, we need to know the users on the server and which sources it is? . After that , we have able to read the config.php file of the user

The command line to get the user: 

cat /etc/passwd

Some cases, If the above command line does not show the user list, we could try this: 

ls -l /home/

If the server ban to cat the passwd, use could use these command lines: 

less /etc/passwd
./cat/etc/passwd

Find the path file config.php

Depending on the sources the path file will set be default like this: Note: Path is the path locates from server to the site

-With linux: 

/home/user/public_html

Or other

-Joomla: 

path/configuration.php

-Word-Press: 

path/wp-config.php


This is the default path of those type of servers it's being used. It might be changed depended on Administrators (This is mainly due to the habits of programmers ).

(To search for the source path, search by keywords: "cwd", we will see similar code: "require_once (CWD. '/includes/init.php');" - This is the path defaults resulting init.php file)) ......

Get the information from config file

This is the most difficult step of the method

The basic command lines using for Local Attack

-ls, dir: List the names of the files inside the folder ls -al, ls -lia: List the names and attributes of files inside the folder 

 ls -lia "/home/lphanvan/public_html/@ender/includes.config.php"

-sand, ./cat, less, more, tail: View contents inside the file: 

 cat "/home/lphanvan/public_html/@ender/includes/config.php"

-ln: Command symbolic link: 

 ln -s "/home/lphanvan/public_html/@ender/includes/config.php%20ender.ini"

-cd: Convert directory


For example, to navigate to the folder 

 cd / home / lphanvan/ public_html / @ender/ includes / itcollege

 cd ~: Go to Facebook's home directory


-chmod: Distribution rights for files or folders: 

 chmod 400 config.php (working in the directory where the file includes config.php)

-mkdir: create directory:


For me, I want to create a folder in the directory includes: 

 mkdir / home / lphanvan/ public_html / @ ender/ includes / itcollege

-touch: Create file: 

 touch /home/lphanvan/public_html/@ender/includes/itcollege.php

-tar, tip: compress and uncompress command: often used in root symlink 

 tar -zcvf enderhacked.tar.gz soleil (Compressed file folder enderhacked.tar.gz ender)

 tar -zxvf enderhacked.tar.gz (unzip files enderhacked.tar.gz)

See more here: http://linuxcommand.org/lts0070.php

Some techniques to get useful information from config.php

1-Using the cat command, dim to see the folder name, file and read the file contents. 

Example: dir / home / lphanvan/ public_html / includes

cat /homme/lphanvan/public_html/includes/config.php

But now the majority of servers are not allowed to exercise this function should apply this method will not work,


2-Using Symbolic links - Referred to as symlink


Symbolic links are basic techniques, and almost as important that the majority of the first attaker think before doing work local attack. 

 ln -s "/ home / lphanvan/ public_html / @ ender/ includes /config.php% itcollege.ini "

It can be understood simply create one file on the host itcollege.ini with identical content lphanvan config.php file on the server with the user's path 

 "/home/lphanvan/public_html/@ender/includes/config.php"


You can read more detail here: http://linuxcommand.org/learning_the_shell.php

Cracking and Changing the admin's password !!!!

In this case the admin's password does not be encoded by hash, so you do not need to crack it. In many cases, the content would not be showed and the password will be in hash.

You have gotten the admin account and password as the picture below by using command line. 

 cat /etc/home/lphanvan/public_html/config.php



                                                   
                                                                          Figure 2: See the content of config.php " cat /etc/home/lphanvan/public_html/config.php "



Now, let's login to database of website 

                                                   
                                                                                       Figure 3: Login to database via shell

How to avoid Local Attack?

In my opinions, Local attack is one of dangerous attacking methods I have used so far. Below are my experiences to avoid the Local attack:


- Should not use the source code when we do not know where it comes from, malicious code might be attached.

- Checking the update of source codes as well as server to fix vulnerability frequently.

- Change the password to be stronger and hard to brute force.

- Set chmod 400 for sensitive files and 101 for folders.

- Use VPS instead of using host to avoid local attack.

- Data back up and scan the data to realize it's having malicious code or not.


These are my experiences to avoid Local Attack. Surely, It might not a perfect way to avoid, but at least it could help us to reduce the risk.

References

English Websites

http://linuxcommand.org/lts0010.php

http://linuxcommand.org/learning_the_shell.php

http://linuxcommand.org/lts0070.php

Vietnamese Websites

http://kechocgian.blogspot.com.ee/2013/08/huong-dan-tong-hop-chi-tiet-co-ban-nhat.html

http://namcoder.com/hack-local-attack-va-cach-phong-tranh/

http://duyk.net/topic/20-Huong-dan-local-attack-voi-mot-so-phuong-phap-co-ban

Video

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RcusKpvKR_w

See more

You might want to see more:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FjgKtBAiLKQ

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6hJ-d2NYLBg

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HpY6JxIzs1g

Conclusion

As what I wrote above are an outline of the Local Attack method which attackers can use their php shell to exploit not even one website it could be all of websites are standing in a same server. In which the attack can execute the command line to your server to find out the password of your database or host. Get Root access is possible if the Linux server are not being updated. Those steps above might not be used successfully in some cases, because it depends on the configuration of administrator and the version of server is setting up.

Contact

If you want to know more about this method, please do not be hesitated to keep in touch with me :D


Ender Phan- Cyber Security Engineering- C11


The Estonian Information Technology College


Email: lphanvan@itcollege.ee


My site: cybercoffee.xyz


'''''!!! This article is served for education purpose only, I will not responsibility for any harm made by other ones !!!'''''

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